æra

See also: Appendix:Variations of "aera" and Appendix:Variations of "era"

English

Noun

æra (plural æras)

1. Archaic spelling of era.
   • 1798, Pierre Simon La Place, “Exposition du Système du Monde [On the System of the World]”, in The Monthly Review, new and improved‎^[1], →ISBN, page 500:

     It is desirable that all people should adopt one and the same æra, independant of moral revolutions, and founded solely on astronomical phænomena.

   • 1892, Thomas Keightley, Fairy Mythology, London: George Bell and Sons, page 5:

     In the fourth century of our æra we find this word made plural, and even feminine, and used as the equivalent of Parcæ.

Anagrams

• Aare, area

Danish

Noun

æra c (singular definite æraen, plural indefinite æraer)

1. era

Inflection

Declension of æra

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	æra	æraen	æraer	æraerne
genitive	æras	æraens	æraers	æraernes

Faroese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

æra f (genitive singular æru, uncountable)

1. honor (UK, honour)

Declension

f1s	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	æra	æran
accusative	æru	æruna
dative	æru	æruni
genitive	æru	ærunnar

Further reading

• "æra" at Sprotin.fo

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈaiːra]

  Rhymes: -aiːra

Etymology 1

Noun

æra f (genitive singular æru, nominative plural ærur)

1. reputation, honour

Declension

Declension of æra (feminine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	æra	æran	ærur	ærurnar
accusative	æru	æruna	ærur	ærurnar
dative	æru	ærunni	ærum	ærunum
genitive	æru	ærunnar	æra	æranna

Derived terms

• uppreisn æru
• ærulaus
• ærumeiða
• æruverður

Etymology 2

From Old Norse œra.

Verb

æra (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative ærði, supine ært)

1. to drive crazy [with accusative]

Conjugation

æra – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að æra
supine sagnbót		ært
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		ærandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	æri	ærði		æri	ærði
	þú	ærir	ærðir		ærir	ærðir
	hann, hún, það	ærir	ærði		æri	ærði
plural	við	ærum	ærðum		ærum	ærðum
	þið	ærið	ærðuð		ærið	ærðuð
	þeir, þær, þau	æra	ærðu		æri	ærðu
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	ær (þú), ærðu
plural	þið	ærið (þið), æriði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

ærast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að ærast
supine sagnbót		ærst
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		ærandist (rare; see appendix)
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	ærist	ærðist		ærist	ærðist
	þú	ærist	ærðist		ærist	ærðist
	hann, hún, það	ærist	ærðist		ærist	ærðist
plural	við	ærumst	ærðumst		ærumst	ærðumst
	þið	ærist	ærðust		ærist	ærðust
	þeir, þær, þau	ærast	ærðust		ærist	ærðust
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	ærst (þú), ærstu
plural	þið	ærist (þið), æristi1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

ærður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	ærður	ærð	ært	ærðir	ærðar	ærð
accusative (þolfall)	ærðan	ærða	ært	ærða	ærðar	ærð
dative (þágufall)	ærðum	ærðri	ærðu	ærðum	ærðum	ærðum
genitive (eignarfall)	ærðs	ærðrar	ærðs	ærðra	ærðra	ærðra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	ærði	ærða	ærða	ærðu	ærðu	ærðu
accusative (þolfall)	ærða	ærðu	ærða	ærðu	ærðu	ærðu
dative (þágufall)	ærða	ærðu	ærða	ærðu	ærðu	ærðu
genitive (eignarfall)	ærða	ærðu	ærða	ærðu	ærðu	ærðu

Derived terms

• ærandi

Etymology 3

Adjective

æra

1. inflection of ær:
   1. masculine accusative plural
   2. feminine accusative singular

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Latin aera.

Noun

æra m (definite singular æraen, indefinite plural æraer, definite plural æraene)

1. era

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• æren

Noun

æra m sg or f sg

1. definite feminine singular of ære

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

• æret

Verb

æra

1. simple past of ære
2. past participle of ære

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Latin aera.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈæː.rɑ/

Noun

æra m (definite singular æraen, indefinite plural æraer or æraar, definite plural æraene or æraane)

1. an era

   ein æra er forbi ― an era is over

Etymology 2

From Old Norse æra (noun and verb).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²æː.rɑ/

Noun

æra f (plural æra)

1. definite singular of ære
2. (pre-2012) alternative form of ære

Verb

æra (present tense ærar, past tense æra, past participle æra, passive infinitive ærast, present participle ærande, imperative æra/ær)

1. alternative form of ære

Etymology 3

From Old Norse æra. In an umlaut relationship with år (“year”).

Verb

æra (present tense ærer, past tense ærte, past participle ært, passive infinitive ærast, present participle ærande, imperative ær)

1. alternative form of ære

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈæː.rɑ/

Noun

æra f

1. definite singular of ær

References

• “æra” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• Æ-ar, æ-ar

Old Norse

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Low German ēre, from Old Saxon ēra (“honour, renown, glory”), from Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu (“honour; respect, reverence”), from Proto-Germanic *aizō (“fear, reverence; glory”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂oys-éh₂, from *h₂eys- (“to respect”). Doublet of eir.

Noun

æra f (genitive æru)

1. honour

Declension

Declension of æra (weak ōn-stem, singular only)

feminine	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	æra	æran
accusative	æru	æruna
dative	æru	ærunni
genitive	æru	ærunnar

Descendants

• Danish: ære
• Icelandic: æra
• Faroese: æra
• Norwegian Nynorsk: ære
• Norwegian Bokmål: ære
• Swedish: ära

Etymology 2

In an umlaut relationship with ár f (“oar”).

Verb

æra

1. (intransitive) to row, pull

   Synonym: róa

Conjugation

Conjugation of æra — active (weak class 1)

infinitive	æra
present participle	ærandi
past participle	ærðr
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	æri	ærða		æra	ærða
2nd person singular	ærir	ærðir		ærir	ærðir
3rd person singular	ærir	ærði		æri	ærði
1st person plural	ærum	ærðum		ærim	ærðim
2nd person plural	ærið	ærðuð		ærið	ærðið
3rd person plural	æra	ærðu		æri	ærði
imperative	present
2nd person singular	ær, æri
1st person plural	ærum
2nd person plural	ærið

Conjugation of æra — mediopassive (weak class 1)

infinitive	ærask
present participle	ærandisk
past participle	ærzk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	ærumk	ærðumk		ærumk	ærðumk
2nd person singular	ærisk	ærðisk		ærisk	ærðisk
3rd person singular	ærisk	ærðisk		ærisk	ærðisk
1st person plural	ærumsk	ærðumsk		ærimsk	ærðimsk
2nd person plural	ærizk	ærðuzk		ærizk	ærðizk
3rd person plural	ærask	ærðusk		ærisk	ærðisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	ærsk, ærisk
1st person plural	ærumsk
2nd person plural	ærizk

Etymology 3

In an umlaut relationship with ár n (“year”).

Verb

æra

1. (impersonal) to cause to yield a good crop [with accusative ‘something, e.g. a field’] (idiomatically translated as "yield a good crop, become fertile" with the accusative object as the subject)

   ærir akr ― the field becomes fertile

Conjugation

Conjugation of æra — impersonal, active (weak class 1)

infinitive	æra
past participle	ærðr
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
3rd-person singular	ærir	ærði		æri	ærði

Descendants

• Norwegian Nynorsk: æra, ære

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “æra”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 524; also available at the Internet Archive

Old Swedish

Verb

æra

1. third-person plural present indicative of vara