Γραικός
Ancient Greek[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Aristotle was one of the first to use the name Graeci (Γραικοί), saying that the area about Dodona and Achelous was inhabited by the Selli (Σελλοὶ) and a people formerly called Graeci and now Hellenes (Έλληνες).[1]
According to one hypothesis, the name is traced to Γραῖα (Graîa), a city on the coast of Boeotia, a name given to the Greeks by the Romans, where they first met. The city's name itself means "grey", from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂- (“to grow old”). This is in stark contrast to eastern names for the Greeks based on ‘Ionia’.[2]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡrai̯.kós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ɡrɛˈkos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɣrɛˈkos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ɣreˈkos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ɣreˈkos/
Adjective[edit]
Γραικός • (Graikós) m (feminine Γραική, neuter Γραικόν); first/second declension
Declension[edit]
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | Γραικός Graikós |
Γραική Graikḗ |
Γραικόν Graikón |
Γραικώ Graikṓ |
Γραικᾱ́ Graikā́ |
Γραικώ Graikṓ |
Γραικοί Graikoí |
Γραικαί Graikaí |
Γραικᾰ́ Graiká | |||||
| Genitive | Γραικοῦ Graikoû |
Γραικῆς Graikês |
Γραικοῦ Graikoû |
Γραικοῖν Graikoîn |
Γραικαῖν Graikaîn |
Γραικοῖν Graikoîn |
Γραικῶν Graikôn |
Γραικῶν Graikôn |
Γραικῶν Graikôn | |||||
| Dative | Γραικῷ Graikôi |
Γραικῇ Graikêi |
Γραικῷ Graikôi |
Γραικοῖν Graikoîn |
Γραικαῖν Graikaîn |
Γραικοῖν Graikoîn |
Γραικοῖς Graikoîs |
Γραικαῖς Graikaîs |
Γραικοῖς Graikoîs | |||||
| Accusative | Γραικόν Graikón |
Γραικήν Graikḗn |
Γραικόν Graikón |
Γραικώ Graikṓ |
Γραικᾱ́ Graikā́ |
Γραικώ Graikṓ |
Γραικούς Graikoús |
Γραικᾱ́ς Graikā́s |
Γραικᾰ́ Graiká | |||||
| Vocative | Γραικέ Graiké |
Γραική Graikḗ |
Γραικόν Graikón |
Γραικώ Graikṓ |
Γραικᾱ́ Graikā́ |
Γραικώ Graikṓ |
Γραικοί Graikoí |
Γραικαί Graikaí |
Γραικᾰ́ Graiká | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| Γραικῶς Graikôs |
Γραικότερος Graikóteros |
Γραικότᾰτος Graikótatos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Proper noun[edit]
Γραικός • (Graikós) m (genitive Γραικοῦ); ? declension
- Graecus, a character in Greek mythology, said to be a son of Thessalos, the king of Phthia; or else a son of Pandora and Zeus.
Declension[edit]
Noun[edit]
Γραικός • (Graikós) m (genitive Γραικοῦ); ? declension
Declension[edit]
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ Γραικός ho Graikós |
τὼ Γραικώ tṑ Graikṓ |
οἱ Γραικοί hoi Graikoí | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ Γραικοῦ toû Graikoû |
τοῖν Γραικοῖν toîn Graikoîn |
τῶν Γραικῶν tôn Graikôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ Γραικῷ tôi Graikôi |
τοῖν Γραικοῖν toîn Graikoîn |
τοῖς Γραικοῖς toîs Graikoîs | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν Γραικόν tòn Graikón |
τὼ Γραικώ tṑ Graikṓ |
τοὺς Γραικούς toùs Graikoús | ||||||||||
| Vocative | Γραικέ Graiké |
Γραικώ Graikṓ |
Γραικοί Graikoí | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Aristotle, Μετεωρολογικά, Α.352b
- ^ R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 267.
Further reading[edit]
- Γραικός in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Γραικός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Γραικός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2021)
- Busolt, Griechische Geschichte bis zur Schlacht bei Chaeroneia
Greek[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Hellenistic reborrowing from Latin Graecus, from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós).[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Γραικός • (Graikós) m (plural Γραικοί)
Usage notes[edit]
- Used in Byzantium and during Ottoman rule. Although the word has carried a derogatory sense from the roman Graecus, Graeculus, and its occidental descendants, the word was redeemed in the lips of the revolutionary Athanasios Diakos who said before his impalement:
- Εγώ Γραικός γεννήθηκα, Γραικός θε να πεθάνω
- Egó Graikós genníthika, Graikós the na petháno
- I was born a Graikos, I shall die a Graikos.
Declension[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Γραικός in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.
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