βλάπτω
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Verbal formation from the same root as βλᾰ́βη (blắbē, “hurt, damage”), and traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥kʷyéti, from Proto-Indo-European *melkʷ- (“to damage”). Compare Sanskrit मृच्यति (mṛcyati, “to hurt; to injure”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /bláp.tɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈblap.to/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈβlap.to/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈvlap.to/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈvlap.to/
Verb
[edit]βλᾰ́πτω • (blắptō)
Conjugation
[edit] Present: βλᾰ́πτω, βλᾰ́πτομαι
Imperfect: ἔβλᾰπτον, ἐβλᾰπτόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔβλᾰπτον | ἔβλᾰπτες | ἔβλᾰπτε(ν) | ἐβλᾰ́πτετον | ἐβλᾰπτέτην | ἐβλᾰ́πτομεν | ἐβλᾰ́πτετε | ἔβλᾰπτον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἐβλᾰπτόμην | ἐβλᾰ́πτου | ἐβλᾰ́πτετο | ἐβλᾰ́πτεσθον | ἐβλᾰπτέσθην | ἐβλᾰπτόμεθᾰ | ἐβλᾰ́πτεσθε | ἐβλᾰ́πτοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: βλᾰφθήσομαι (alternative passive)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| passive | indicative | βλᾰφθήσομαι | βλᾰφθήσῃ, βλᾰφθήσει |
βλᾰφθήσεται | βλᾰφθήσεσθον | βλᾰφθήσεσθον | βλᾰφθησόμεθᾰ | βλᾰφθήσεσθε | βλᾰφθήσονται | ||||
| optative | βλᾰφθησοίμην | βλᾰφθήσοιο | βλᾰφθήσοιτο | βλᾰφθήσοισθον | βλᾰφθησοίσθην | βλᾰφθησοίμεθᾰ | βλᾰφθήσοισθε | βλᾰφθήσοιντο | |||||
| passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | βλᾰφθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | βλᾰφθησόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | βλᾰφθησομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | βλᾰφθησόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐβλᾰ́φθην (alternative passive)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐβλᾰ́φθην | ἐβλᾰ́φθης | ἐβλᾰ́φθη | ἐβλᾰ́φθητον | ἐβλᾰφθήτην | ἐβλᾰ́φθημεν | ἐβλᾰ́φθητε | ἐβλᾰ́φθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | βλᾰφθῶ | βλᾰφθῇς | βλᾰφθῇ | βλᾰφθῆτον | βλᾰφθῆτον | βλᾰφθῶμεν | βλᾰφθῆτε | βλᾰφθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | βλᾰφθείην | βλᾰφθείης | βλᾰφθείη | βλᾰφθεῖτον, βλᾰφθείητον |
βλᾰφθείτην, βλᾰφθειήτην |
βλᾰφθεῖμεν, βλᾰφθείημεν |
βλᾰφθεῖτε, βλᾰφθείητε |
βλᾰφθεῖεν, βλᾰφθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | βλᾰ́φθητῐ | βλᾰφθήτω | βλᾰ́φθητον | βλᾰφθήτων | βλᾰ́φθητε | βλᾰφθέντων | |||||||
| passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | βλᾰφθῆναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | βλᾰφθείς | |||||||||||
| f | βλᾰφθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | βλᾰφθέν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐβεβλᾰ́φειν
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐβεβλᾰ́φειν, ἐβεβλᾰ́φη |
ἐβεβλᾰ́φεις, ἐβεβλᾰ́φης |
ἐβεβλᾰ́φει(ν) | ἐβεβλᾰ́φετον | ἐβεβλᾰφέτην | ἐβεβλᾰ́φεμεν | ἐβεβλᾰ́φετε | ἐβεβλᾰ́φεσᾰν | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future perfect: βεβλᾰ́ψομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ |
indicative | βεβλᾰ́ψομαι | βεβλᾰ́ψῃ, βεβλᾰ́ψει |
βεβλᾰ́ψεται | βεβλᾰ́ψεσθον | βεβλᾰ́ψεσθον | βεβλᾰψόμεθᾰ | βεβλᾰ́ψεσθε | βεβλᾰ́ψονται | ||||
| optative | βεβλᾰψοίμην | βεβλᾰ́ψοιο | βεβλᾰ́ψοιτο | βεβλᾰ́ψοισθον | βεβλᾰψοίσθην | βεβλᾰψοίμεθᾰ | βεβλᾰ́ψοισθε | βεβλᾰ́ψοιντο | |||||
| middle/ | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | βεβλᾰ́ψεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | βεβλᾰψόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | βεβλᾰψομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | βεβλᾰψόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “βλάπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 218
Further reading
[edit]- “βλάπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “βλάπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- βλάπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- βλάπτω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
- βλάπτω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- βλάφτω (vláfto) (familiar form)
Etymology
[edit]Probably borrowed (in this form) from Ancient Greek βλάπτω (bláptō).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]βλάπτω • (vlápto) (past έβλαψα, passive βλάπτομαι)
- (transitive) to damage, harm
- (transitive) to cause damage (especially to health)
Usage notes
[edit]- 3rd singular active present indicative: also used as a negative impersonal verb: δε(ν) βλάπτει (“it won't hurt...”)
- See passive perfect participle βλαμμένος (vlamménos) for different meanings.
Conjugation
[edit]βλάπτω βλάπτομαι
| Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
| Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
| 1 sg | βλάπτω (βλάφτω →) | βλάψω | βλάπτομαι | βλαφθώ (βλαφτώ3 →) |
| 2 sg | βλάπτεις | βλάψεις | βλάπτεσαι | βλαφθείς |
| 3 sg | βλάπτει1 | βλάψει | βλάπτεται | βλαφθεί |
| 1 pl | βλάπτουμε, [βλάπτομε] | βλάψουμε, [βλάψομε] | βλαπτόμαστε | βλαφθούμε |
| 2 pl | βλάπτετε | βλάψετε | βλάπτεστε, {βλάπτεσθε}, βλαπτόσαστε | βλαφθείτε |
| 3 pl | βλάπτουν(ε) | βλάψουν(ε) | βλάπτονται | βλαφθούν(ε) |
| Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
| 1 sg | έβλαπτα | έβλαψα | βλαπτόμουν(α) | βλάφθηκα (βλάφτηκα3 →) |
| 2 sg | έβλαπτες | έβλαψες | βλαπτόσουν(α) | βλάφθηκες |
| 3 sg | έβλαπτε | έβλαψε | βλαπτόταν(ε) | βλάφθηκε |
| 1 pl | βλάπταμε | βλάψαμε | βλαπτόμασταν, (βλαπτόμαστε) | βλαφθήκαμε |
| 2 pl | βλάπτατε | βλάψατε | βλαπτόσασταν, (βλαπτόσαστε) | βλαφθήκατε |
| 3 pl | έβλαπταν, βλάπταν(ε) | έβλαψαν, βλάψαν(ε) | βλάπτονταν, (βλαπτόντουσαν) | βλάφθηκαν, βλαφθήκαν(ε) |
| Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
| 1 sg | θα βλάπτω ➤ | θα βλάψω ➤ | θα βλάπτομαι ➤ | θα βλαφθώ ➤ |
| 2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα βλάπτεις, … | θα βλάψεις, … | θα βλάπτεσαι, … | θα βλαφθείς, … |
| Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
| Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … βλάψει | έχω, έχεις, … βλαφθεί | ||
| Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … βλάψει | είχα, είχες, … βλαφθεί | ||
| Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … βλάψει | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … βλαφθεί | ||
| Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
| Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
| 2 sg | βλάπτε | βλάψε, (→ βλάφ' 2) | — | βλάψου |
| 2 pl | βλάπτετε | βλάψτε, (→ βλάφτε2) | βλάπτεστε, {βλάπτεσθε} | βλαφθείτε |
| Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
| Present participle➤ | βλάπτοντας ➤ | — | ||
| Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας βλάψει ➤ | βλαμμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
| Nonfinite form➤ | βλάψει | βλαφθεί | ||
| Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Also impersonal, especially when negative: δε(ν) βλάπτει (“it won't hurt...”) 2. Colloquial forms from βλάφτω. 3. Passive forms with {-φθ-} are learned, as is the ancient verb βλάπτω. For colloquial forms with ‑φτ-, see verb βλάφτω. • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Synonyms
[edit]- ζημιώνω (zimióno, “I damage, cause damage, injure, hurt”)
Antonyms
[edit]- ωφελώ (ofeló, “I benefit”)
Related terms
[edit]- αβλαβής (avlavís, “unharmed; harmless”)
- άβλαβος (ávlavos, “unharmed”)
- άβλαπτος (ávlaptos, “unharmed”), άβλαφτος (ávlaftos)
- βλαβερός (vlaverós, “harmful”)
- βλαβερότητα f (vlaverótita, “harmfulness”)
- βλάβη f (vlávi, “damage”)
- βλαμμένος (vlamménos, “stupid, retarded”, participle)
- βλαπτικός (vlaptikós, “harmful”)
- βλαπτικότητα f (vlaptikótita, “harmfulness”)
- επιβλαβής (epivlavís, “harmful”)
- παραβλάπτω (paravlápto, “damage”)
- φρενοβλάβεια f (frenovláveia, “insanity”)
- φρενοβλαβής (frenovlavís, “insane”)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek verbs with a progressive iota or yod marker
- Greek terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek transitive verbs
- Greek verbs conjugating like 'καλύπτω'