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βούλομαι

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Ancient Greek

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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According to Beekes and LIV, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷel(h₃)- (to want, wish) (with no certain cognates), but with unexplained and pervasive o-grade in the present.[1] The root may be identical to *gʷelH- (to hit by throwing), via semantic shift "to throw" > "to throw (desires)" > "to want", but this is speculative.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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βούλομαι (boúlomai) (deponent)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to will, wish, be willing, want [with accusative ‘something’; or with infinitive ‘to do something’] (usually stronger than ἐθέλω (ethélō), implying choice or preference)
  2. (transitive) to mean
  3. (intransitive) to pretend, claim [with infinitive ‘to do something’]
  4. (transitive) to prefer [with accusative ‘something’ or infinitive ‘to do something’, along with μᾶλλον (mâllon ḗ) or () ‘over something else’]
  5. (second person) [with εἰ (ei) or ἄν (án) or ἐάν (eán) or ἤν (ḗn)] if you will, if you please (may be split with clitics)
    • 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 472a:
      [] μαρτυρήσουσί σοι, ἐὰν μὲν βούλῃ, Νικίας ὁ Νικηράτου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ μετ’ αὐτοῦ, []
      [] marturḗsousí soi, eàn mèn boúlēi, Nikías ho Nikērátou kaì hoi adelphoì met’ autoû, []
      • Translation by Benjamin Jowett
        witnesses in disproof of my statement-you may, if you will, summon Nicias the son of Niceratus, and let his brothers,
    • 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 1158–1159:
      Διόνυσος:
      νὴ τὸν Δί’ ὥσπερ γ’ εἴ τις εἴποι γείτονι,
      χρῆσον σὺ μάκτραν, εἰ δὲ βούλει, κάρδοπον.
      Diónusos:
      nḕ tòn Dí’ hṓsper g’ eí tis eípoi geítoni,
      khrêson sù máktran, eiboúlei, kárdopon.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 1168–1169:
      πλούτει τε γὰρ κατ’ οἶκον, εἰ βούλει, μέγα
      καὶ ζῆ τύραννον σχῆμ’ ἔχων· []
      ploútei te gàr kat’ oîkon, ei boúlei, méga
      kaì zê túrannon skhêm’ ékhōn; []

Conjugation

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References

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  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “βούλομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 231

Further reading

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