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κάμπτω

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Ancient Greek

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    From Proto-Hellenic *kámptō, *kamptos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂emp- (to bend, curve), possibly related to Latin campus and Lithuanian kampas, kumpas. Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek or European substrate origin for the root.[1] Compare Latin cambiāre, Italian cambiare, Portuguese cambiar, Spanish cambiar, Occitan cambiar, Catalan canviar, Norman changier, Sicilian cangiari, French changer, and English change.

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    κᾰ́μπτω (kắmptō)

    1. to bend; to curve
      • c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.486:
        ὄφρα ἴτυν κάμψῃ περικαλλέϊ δίφρῳ
        óphra ítun kámpsēi perikalléï díphrōi
        in order that he might bend himself a felloe for a beauteous chariot
      1. (figuratively)
        • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 2.51:
          θεός, ὃ [] καὶ ὑψιφρόνων τιν’ ἔκαμψε βροτῶν
          theós, hò [] kaì hupsiphrónōn tin’ ékampse brotôn
          the gods, who [] bend down many a man who is overly ambitious
        • c. 369 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 173b:
          τρεπόμενοι πολλὰ κάμπτονται καὶ συγκλῶνται
          trepómenoi pollà kámptontai kaì sunklôntai
          so that they become greatly bent and stunted
    2. (transitive, intransitive) to turn
      • c. 420 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 744:
        ἔπειτα λύων ἡνίαν ἀριστερὰν κάμπτοντος ἵππου
        épeita lúōn hēnían aristeràn kámptontos híppou
        But then he slackened his left rein while the horse was turning
      1. (figuratively)
        • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 91:
          ἐνταῦθα κάμψειν τὸν ταλαίπωρον βίον
          entaûtha kámpsein tòn talaípōron bíon
          there I should close my weary life
        • 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 748:
          ἔχουσαι διὰ λόγου κάμψαι κακά
          ékhousai dià lógou kámpsai kaká
          though you might by parley end your ills
        • 5th century BC, Pherecrates, Fragmenta 145.15
    3. (nautical) to double (sail around)
      • 460 BCE – 430 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.42.4:
        τρίτῳ ἔτεϊ κάμψαντες Ἡρακλέας στήλας ἀπίκοντο ἐς Αἴγυπτον
        trítōi éteï kámpsantes Hērakléas stḗlas apíkonto es Aígupton
        it was in the third [year] that they doubled the pillars of Heracles and came to Egypt

    Conjugation

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    Derived terms

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    References

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    1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κάμπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 632-3

    Further reading

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    Greek

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    Etymology

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    From Ancient Greek κάμπτω

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈkam.pto/, /ˈkam.to/
    • Hyphenation: κάμ‧πτω

    Verb

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    κάμπτω (kámpto) (past έκαμψα, passive κάμπτομαι)

    1. (transitive) to bend, to curve
    2. (transitive, figuratively) to bend, to cause to yield (to force to submit)

    Conjugation

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    Synonyms

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    Verb-compounds (and see their derivatives)