μάσσω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]There are two prevailing theories, based on which velar stop in the word's derivatives was the original:
- If γ (g), then from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂ǵyéti, from *meh₂ǵ- (“to knead”). Cognates include Proto-West Germanic *makōn (“to arrange, make”) (whence English make), Proto-Slavic *màzati (“to smear, anoint”), Old Armenian մած (mac, “glued together, curdled”), and perhaps Latin mācerō (“to soak and soften”), Sanskrit मचते (macate, “to pound; to grind”), Hindi मचाना (macānā, “to cause; to wreak”),
- If κ (k), then from Proto-Indo-European *meHnk- (“to press, knead”), and cognate with Lithuanian mi̇̀nkyti (“to knead”), Proto-Slavic *mę̀knǫti (“to become soft”), Proto-Slavic *mǭkà (“flour”), Proto-West Germanic *mangijan (“to mix, mingle”).
It is worth noting that these two roots appear to have been confused in various branches (as many of the cognates listed for *meHnk- have alternatively been derived from *meh₂ǵ-, though for all except the Germanic, this is phonetically implausible). It is possible that forms in or derived from κ (k, such as μᾰκᾰρῐ́ᾱ (măkărĭ́ā) and μᾰ́σσω (mắssō)) are from *meHnk- and suppletive with the forms in γ (g, such as μαγῆναι (magênai)), which would be from *meh₂ǵ-.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /más.sɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈmas.so/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈmas.so/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈmas.so/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈma.so/
Verb
[edit]μᾰ́σσω • (mắssō) (transitive)
Conjugation
[edit] Present: μᾰ́σσω, μᾰ́σσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔμᾰσσον | ἔμᾰσσες | ἔμᾰσσε(ν) | ἐμᾰ́σσετον | ἐμᾰσσέτην | ἐμᾰ́σσομεν | ἐμᾰ́σσετε | ἔμᾰσσον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἐμᾰσσόμην | ἐμᾰ́σσου | ἐμᾰ́σσετο | ἐμᾰ́σσεσθον | ἐμᾰσσέσθην | ἐμᾰσσόμεθᾰ | ἐμᾰ́σσεσθε | ἐμᾰ́σσοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | μᾰ́ξω | μᾰ́ξεις | μᾰ́ξει | μᾰ́ξετον | μᾰ́ξετον | μᾰ́ξομεν | μᾰ́ξετε | μᾰ́ξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | μᾰ́ξοιμῐ | μᾰ́ξοις | μᾰ́ξοι | μᾰ́ξοιτον | μᾰξοίτην | μᾰ́ξοιμεν | μᾰ́ξοιτε | μᾰ́ξοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | μᾰ́ξομαι | μᾰ́ξῃ, μᾰ́ξει |
μᾰ́ξεται | μᾰ́ξεσθον | μᾰ́ξεσθον | μᾰξόμεθᾰ | μᾰ́ξεσθε | μᾰ́ξονται | ||||
| optative | μᾰξοίμην | μᾰ́ξοιο | μᾰ́ξοιτο | μᾰ́ξοισθον | μᾰξοίσθην | μᾰξοίμεθᾰ | μᾰ́ξοισθε | μᾰ́ξοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | μᾰχθήσομαι | μᾰχθήσῃ, μᾰχθήσει |
μᾰχθήσεται | μᾰχθήσεσθον | μᾰχθήσεσθον | μᾰχθησόμεθᾰ | μᾰχθήσεσθε | μᾰχθήσονται | ||||
| optative | μᾰχθησοίμην | μᾰχθήσοιο | μᾰχθήσοιτο | μᾰχθήσοισθον | μᾰχθησοίσθην | μᾰχθησοίμεθᾰ | μᾰχθήσοισθε | μᾰχθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | μᾰ́ξειν | μᾰ́ξεσθαι | μᾰχθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | μᾰ́ξων | μᾰξόμενος | μᾰχθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | μᾰ́ξουσᾰ | μᾰξομένη | μᾰχθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | μᾰ́ξον | μᾰξόμενον | μᾰχθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐμᾰ́γην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐμᾰ́γην | ἐμᾰ́γης | ἐμᾰ́γη | ἐμᾰ́γητον | ἐμᾰγήτην | ἐμᾰ́γημεν | ἐμᾰ́γητε | ἐμᾰ́γησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | μᾰγῶ | μᾰγῇς | μᾰγῇ | μᾰγῆτον | μᾰγῆτον | μᾰγῶμεν | μᾰγῆτε | μᾰγῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | μᾰγείην | μᾰγείης | μᾰγείη | μᾰγεῖτον, μᾰγείητον |
μᾰγείτην, μᾰγειήτην |
μᾰγεῖμεν, μᾰγείημεν |
μᾰγεῖτε, μᾰγείητε |
μᾰγεῖεν, μᾰγείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | μᾰ́γηθῐ | μᾰγήτω | μᾰ́γητον | μᾰγήτων | μᾰ́γητε | μᾰγέντων | |||||||
| passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | μᾰγῆναι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | μᾰγείς | |||||||||||
| f | μᾰγεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | μᾰγέν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐμεμᾰ́χειν, ἐμεμᾰ́γμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐμεμᾰ́χειν, ἐμεμᾰ́χη |
ἐμεμᾰ́χεις, ἐμεμᾰ́χης |
ἐμεμᾰ́χει(ν) | ἐμεμᾰ́χετον | ἐμεμᾰχέτην | ἐμεμᾰ́χεμεν | ἐμεμᾰ́χετε | ἐμεμᾰ́χεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἐμεμᾰ́γμην | ἐμέμᾰξο | ἐμέμᾰκτο | ἐμέμᾰχθον | ἐμεμᾰ́χθην | ἐμεμᾰ́γμεθᾰ | ἐμέμᾰχθε | ἐμεμᾰ́γᾰτο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- ᾰ̓νᾰμᾰ́σσω (ănămắssō)
- ᾰ̓πομᾰ́σσω (ăpomắssō)
- δῐᾰμᾰ́σσω (dĭămắssō)
- εἰσμάσσομαι (eismássomai)
- ἐκμᾰ́σσω (ekmắssō)
- ἐμμᾰ́σσομαι (emmắssomai)
- ἐνᾰπομᾰ́σσω (enăpomắssō)
- ἐξᾰπομᾰ́σσω (exăpomắssō)
- κᾰτᾰμᾰ́σσω (kătămắssō)
- περῐκαταμᾰ́σσω (perĭkatamắssō)
- περῐμᾰ́σσω (perĭmắssō)
- προμᾰ́σσω (promắssō)
- προσμᾰ́σσω (prosmắssō)
- προτῐμᾰ́σσω (protĭmắssō)
- ῠ̔πομᾰ́σσω (hŭpomắssō)
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μάσσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 910
Further reading
[edit]- “μάσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “μάσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- μάσσω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- μάσσω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011