ξύλον
Contents
Ancient Greek[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Possibly cognate with Lithuanian šùlas (“post, pole, stave”), Russian шу́ло (šúlo, “garden-pole”), Serbo-Croatian šȗlj (“block”), in which case it is from a Proto-Indo-European *kseulo-. Compare also Old High German sūl (“style, pole”), Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍃 (sauls, “pillar”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ksý.lon/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈksy.lon/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈksy.lon/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈksy.lon/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈksi.lon/
Noun[edit]
ξῠ́λον • (xúlon) n (genitive ξῠ́λου); second declension
- (mostly in plural) cut wood, timber
-
800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.507
- ἐπὶ δὲ ξύλα πολλὰ λέγεσθε, ὥς κεν παννύχιοι μέσφ’ ἠοῦς ἠριγενείης καίωμεν πυρὰ πολλά
- epì dè xúla pollà légesthe, hṓs ken pannúkhioi mésph’ ēoûs ērigeneíēs kaíōmen purà pollá
- And furthermore gather abundant wood, that all night long until early dawn we may burn fires full many.
- epì dè xúla pollà légesthe, hṓs ken pannúkhioi mésph’ ēoûs ērigeneíēs kaíōmen purà pollá
- ἐπὶ δὲ ξύλα πολλὰ λέγεσθε, ὥς κεν παννύχιοι μέσφ’ ἠοῦς ἠριγενείης καίωμεν πυρὰ πολλά
-
- piece of wood, log, beam, post
- cudgel, club, stick
- an instrument of punishment: wooden collar, stocks, gallows, stake
- bench, table
-
384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Stephanus 1 33
- ἔστιν οὖν ὅστις ἂν τοῦ ξύλου καὶ τοῦ χωρίου καὶ τῶν γραμματείων τοσαύτην ὑπέμεινε φέρειν μίσθωσιν
- éstin oûn hóstis àn toû xúlou kaì toû khōríou kaì tôn grammateíōn tosaútēn hupémeine phérein místhōsin
- Now, is there any man who would have submitted to the payment of so large a rental for the table, the site, and the books?
- éstin oûn hóstis àn toû xúlou kaì toû khōríou kaì tôn grammateíōn tosaútēn hupémeine phérein místhōsin
- ἔστιν οὖν ὅστις ἂν τοῦ ξύλου καὶ τοῦ χωρίου καὶ τῶν γραμματείων τοσαύτην ὑπέμεινε φέρειν μίσθωσιν
-
- tree
-
430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 6.4.5
- τὸ δὲ παρὰ θάλατταν πλέον ἢ ἐπὶ εἴκοσι σταδίους δασὺ πολλοῖς καὶ παντοδαποῖς καὶ μεγάλοις ξύλοις
- tò dè parà thálattan pléon ḕ epì eíkosi stadíous dasù polloîs kaì pantodapoîs kaì megálois xúlois
- The land bordering the coast is thickly covered for more than twenty stadia with an abundance of heavy trees of all sorts.
- tò dè parà thálattan pléon ḕ epì eíkosi stadíous dasù polloîs kaì pantodapoîs kaì megálois xúlois
- τὸ δὲ παρὰ θάλατταν πλέον ἢ ἐπὶ εἴκοσι σταδίους δασὺ πολλοῖς καὶ παντοδαποῖς καὶ μεγάλοις ξύλοις
-
- blockhead
-
Anthology of Planudes 4.187
-
- a measure of length: 3 or 2⅔ cubits
Declension[edit]
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ ξῠ́λον tò xúlon |
τὼ ξῠ́λω tṑ xúlō |
τᾰ̀ ξῠ́λᾰ tà xúla |
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Genitive | τοῦ ξῠ́λου toû xúlou |
τοῖν ξῠ́λοιν toîn xúloin |
τῶν ξῠ́λων tôn xúlōn |
||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ξῠ́λῳ tôi xúlōi |
τοῖν ξῠ́λοιν toîn xúloin |
τοῖς ξῠ́λοις toîs xúlois |
||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ ξῠ́λον tò xúlon |
τὼ ξῠ́λω tṑ xúlō |
τᾰ̀ ξῠ́λᾰ tà xúla |
||||||||||
Vocative | ξῠ́λον xúlon |
ξῠ́λω xúlō |
ξῠ́λᾰ xúla |
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Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. |
Other attested forms: plural ξῠ́λεᾰ (xúlea) (inscription in Kos)
Derived terms[edit]
Terms derived from ξύλον (xúlon)
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Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- ξύλον in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ξύλον in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ξύλον in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ξύλον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ξύλον in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ξύλον in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- “G3586”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- ξύλον in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 1037
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek neuter nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the second declension