οὐδέ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• οὐδ’ (oud’) — apocopic

Etymology

From οὐ (ou, “not”) + δέ (dé, “but”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /uː.dé/ → /uˈðe/ → /uˈðe/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /uː.dé/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /uˈde/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /uˈðe/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /uˈðe/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /uˈðe/

Conjunction

οὐδέ • (oudé)

1. (mostly answering to μέν (mén)) but not
   • Homer, Iliad 5.138
   • Homer, Iliad 24.418
   • Homer, Iliad 5.21
   • Homer, Iliad 24.25
2. (more often) and not, nor
   1. (without a negative preceding)
      • Homer, Odyssey 10.375
      • Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 324
      • Sophocles, Philoctetes 756
      • Herodotus, Histories 1.97
      • Homer, Iliad 1.95
      • Aeschylus, Pr.716
      • Sophocles, Philoctetes 2
      • Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 39
   2. (with a simple negative preceding)
      • Homer, Odyssey 10.379
      • Homer, Odyssey 22.226
      • Sophocles, Philoctetes 691
      • Herodotus, Histories 1.215
      • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.55
      • Demosthenes, Against Androtion 4

Adverb

οὐδέ • (oudé)

1. not even, not at all
   • Homer, Iliad 2.386
   • Homer, Iliad 1.354
   • Homer, Iliad 20.27
   • Homer, Iliad 14.141, (compare Odyssey 21.288)
   • Aristophanes, Plutus 137–138
   • Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.3.10
   • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.56
   • Homer, Iliad 7.263
   • Homer, Iliad 9.351
   • Plato, Phaedo 97A
   • Plato, The Republic 499A
   • Xenophon, Cyropaedia 3.3.50
   • Homer, Iliad 9.374
   • Homer, Odyssey 8.32

Usage notes

When οὐδέ (oudé) is repeated at the beginning of two clauses, the first is often adverbial and the second is a conjunction. It may also follow οὔτε (oúte), as an anacoluthon.

Descendants

• → Coptic: ⲟⲩⲇⲉ (oude)

References

• “οὐδέ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “οὐδέ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “οὐδέ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• οὐδέ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• οὐδέ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “οὐδέ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G3761 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • even idem, page 284.
  • neither . . . nor idem, page 555.
  • not idem, page 562.