υἱός

See also: υιός and υἷος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• υἱῠ́ς (huiŭ́s), ῡ̔ός (hūós), ῡ̔ῠ́ς (hūŭ́s) — Attic
• Υἱός (Huiós)

Etymology

From earlier υἱύς (huiús); see there for more.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hyː.ós/ → /yˈos/ → /iˈos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hyː.ós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)yˈos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /yˈos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /yˈos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈos/

Noun

υἱός • (huiós) m (genitive υἱέος or υἱοῦ); second declension

1. son

   Synonym: κέλωρ (kélōr)

2. child, not necessarily male
   • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 46.15
   • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 46.17
3. (Christianity) the Son; the Son of God (one of the three Persons of the Trinity, believed to have become incarnated in Jesus Christ)

Declension

The most common forms used by Classical Attic writers are:

Irregular declension of ὁ υἱός; τοῦ υἱέος / υἱοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ υἱός ho huiós	—	οἱ υἱεῖς hoi huieîs
Genitive	τοῦ υἱέος / υἱοῦ toû huiéos / huioû	—	τῶν υἱέων tôn huiéōn
Dative	τῷ υἱεῖ tōî huieî	—	τοῖς υἱέσι / υἱέσιν toîs huiési(n)
Accusative	τὸν υἱόν tòn huión	—	τοὺς υἱεῖς toùs huieîs
Vocative	υἱέ huié	—	υἱεῖς huieîs
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Plato and Isaeus use the ῡ̔ός (hūós) variant exclusively, as does Lysias most of the time:

Irregular declension of ὁ ὑός; τοῦ ὑέος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ὑός ho huós	—	οἱ ὑεῖς hoi hueîs
Genitive	τοῦ ὑέος toû huéos	—	τῶν ὑέων tôn huéōn
Dative	τῷ ὑεῖ tōî hueî	—	τοῖς ὑέσι / ὑέσιν toîs huési(n)
Accusative	τὸν ὑόν tòn huón	—	τοὺς ὑεῖς toùs hueîs
Vocative	ὑέ hué	—	ὑεῖς hueîs
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

The epic forms are more varied:

Irregular declension of υἱός; υἱέος / υἱέως / υἷος / υἱοῦ / υἱῆος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	υἱός huiós	υἱέε / υἷε huiée / huîe	υἱέες / υἱεῖς / υἷες / υἱῆες huiées / huieîs / huîes / huiêes
Genitive	υἱέος / υἱέως / υἷος / υἱοῦ / υἱῆος huiéos / huiéōs / huîos / huioû / huiêos	υἱέοιν / υἱοῖν huiéoin / huioîn	υἱῶν huiôn
Dative	υἱέϊ / υἱεῖ / υἷι / υἱῆϊ huiéï / huieî / huîi / huiêï	υἱέοιν / υἱοῖν huiéoin / huioîn	υἱοῖσι / υἱοῖσιν / υἱέσι / υἱέσιν / υἱᾰ́σῐ / υἱᾰ́σῐν / υἱεῦσι / υἱεῦσιν / υἱήεσσι / υἱήεσσιν huioîsi(n) / huiési(n) / huiắsĭ(n) / huieûsi(n) / huiḗessi(n)
Accusative	υἱόν / υἱέα / υἷα / υἱῆα huión / huiéa / huîa / huiêa	υἱέε / υἷε huiée / huîe	υἱέᾰς / υἷᾰς / υἱῆας huiéăs / huîăs / huiêas
Vocative	υἱέ huié	υἱέε / υἷε huiée / huîe	υἱέες / υἱεῖς / υἷες / υἱῆες huiées / huieîs / huîes / huiêes
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Coordinate terms

Ancient Greek family terms

γένος (génos, “family”)		Male	Female
parent		πατήρ (patḗr, “father”)	μήτηρ (mḗtēr, “mother”)
grandparent		πάππος (páppos, “grandfather”)	τήθη (tḗthē, “grandmother”)
sibling		ᾰ̓δελφός (ădelphós, “brother”)	ἀδελφή (adelphḗ, “sister”)
cousin		ἀνεψιός (anepsiós, “male cousin”)	ἀνεψιά (anepsiá, “female cousin”)
child		υἱός (huiós, “son”)	θυγάτηρ (thugátēr, “daughter”)
grandchild		υἱωνός (huiōnós, “grandson”)	υἱωνή (huiōnḗ, “granddaughter”)
parent's sibling	general	θεῖος (theîos, “uncle”)	θεία (theía, “aunt”)
	paternal	πάτρως (pátrōs, “paternal uncle”)
	maternal	μήτρως (mḗtrōs, “maternal uncle”)
sibling's child		ἀδελφιδοῦς (adelphidoûs, “nephew”)	ἀδελφιδῆ (adelphidê, “niece”)
spouse		γαμέτης (gamétēs, “husband”)	γαμετή (gametḗ, “wife”)
spouse's parent		πενθερός (pentherós, “father-in-law”)	πενθερά (pentherá, “mother-in-law”)
child's spouse		γαμβρός (gambrós, “son-in-law”)	νύμφη (númphē, “daughter-in-law”)
sibling's spouse			γάλως (gálōs, “sister-in-law”)
		δαήρ (daḗr, “brother-in-law”)

Derived terms

• υἱωνός (huiōnós)

Descendants

• Greek: υιός m (yiós), γιος m (gios)
• Mariupol Greek: йос (jos)
• Yevanic: אִיוּ ('iu)

Further reading

• “υἱός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “υἱός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “υἱός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• “υἱός” in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• υἱός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “υἱός”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5207 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• υἱός, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

Greek

Alternative forms

• υιός m (yiós) — Katharevousa

Noun

υἱός • (yiós) m

1. Katharevousa form of γιος (gios)