φυλάσσω
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *pʰuláťťō, equal to φῠ́λᾰξ (phŭ́lăx, “watcher, guard”) + *-ϳω (*-jō). Further etymology is unknown. According to Beekes, both words are likely Pre-Greek.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰy.lás.sɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /pʰyˈlas.so/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɸyˈlas.so/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /fyˈlas.so/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /fiˈla.so/
Verb
[edit]φῠλᾰ́σσω • (phŭlắssō)
- (transitive) to watch, guard, protect, defend
- (transitive) to lie in wait, ambush
- (transitive) to watch for, wait for
- (transitive) to maintain, preserve, cherish
- to be on guard against; to shun, avoid
- (intransitive, middle voice) to take heed, take care, be on guard
- (transitive, middle voice) to keep in mind, remember
Inflection
[edit] Present: φῠλᾰ́σσω, φῠλᾰ́σσομαι
Imperfect: ἐφῠ́λᾰσσον, ἐφῠλᾰσσόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐφῠ́λᾰσσον | ἐφῠ́λᾰσσες | ἐφῠ́λᾰσσε(ν) | ἐφῠλᾰ́σσετον | ἐφῠλᾰσσέτην | ἐφῠλᾰ́σσομεν | ἐφῠλᾰ́σσετε | ἐφῠ́λᾰσσον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἐφῠλᾰσσόμην | ἐφῠλᾰ́σσου | ἐφῠλᾰ́σσετο | ἐφῠλᾰ́σσεσθον | ἐφῠλᾰσσέσθην | ἐφῠλᾰσσόμεθᾰ | ἐφῠλᾰ́σσεσθε | ἐφῠλᾰ́σσοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φῠ́λᾰσσον | φῠ́λᾰσσες | φῠ́λᾰσσε(ν) | φῠλᾰ́σσετον | φῠλᾰσσέτην | φῠλᾰ́σσομεν | φῠλᾰ́σσετε | φῠ́λᾰσσον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | φῠλᾰσσόμην | φῠλᾰ́σσεο, φῠλᾰ́σσευ |
φῠλᾰ́σσετο | φῠλᾰ́σσεσθον | φῠλᾰσσέσθην | φῠλᾰσσόμε(σ)θᾰ | φῠλᾰ́σσεσθε | φῠλᾰ́σσοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: πεφῠ́λᾰκᾰ, πεφῠ́λᾰγμαι
Pluperfect: ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κειν, ἐπεφῠλᾰ́γμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κειν, ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κη |
ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κεις, ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κης |
ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κει(ν) | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κετον | ἐπεφῠλᾰκέτην | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κεμεν | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κετε | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́γμην | ἐπεφῠ́λᾰξο | ἐπεφῠ́λᾰκτο | ἐπεφῠ́λᾰχθον | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́χθην | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́γμεθᾰ | ἐπεφῠ́λᾰχθε | ἐπεφῠλᾰ́κᾰτο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “φύλαξ, -ακος (> DER > Denominative verb: 11. φυλάσσω)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1595
Further reading
[edit]- “φυλάσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φυλάσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φυλάσσω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φυλάσσω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- φυλάσσω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “φυλάσσω”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5442 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Greek
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]φυλάσσω • (fylásso) (past φύλαξα, passive φυλάσσομαι, p‑past φυλάχθηκα, ppp φυλαγμένος)
Usage notes
[edit]- Sense "guard" for defending borders, or keeping safe valuable items.
Conjugation
[edit]φυλάσσω φυλάσσομαι
| Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
| Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
| 1 sg | φυλάσσω | φυλάξω | φυλάσσομαι | φυλαχθώ, φυλαχτώ |
| 2 sg | φυλάσσεις | φυλάξεις | φυλάσσεσαι | φυλαχθείς, φυλαχτείς |
| 3 sg | φυλάσσει | φυλάξει | φυλάσσεται | φυλαχθεί, φυλαχτεί |
| 1 pl | φυλάσσουμε, [φυλάσσομε] | φυλάξουμε, [φυλάξομε] | φυλασσόμαστε | φυλαχθούμε, φυλαχτούμε |
| 2 pl | φυλάσσετε | φυλάξετε | φυλάσσεστε, φυλασσόσαστε | φυλαχθείτε, φυλαχτείτε |
| 3 pl | φυλάσσουν(ε) | φυλάξουν(ε) | φυλάσσονται | φυλαχθούν(ε), φυλαχτούν(ε) |
| Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
| 1 sg | φύλασσα | φύλαξα | φυλασσόμουν(α) | φυλάχθηκα, φυλάχτηκα |
| 2 sg | φύλασσες | φύλαξες | φυλασσόσουν(α) | φυλάχθηκες, φυλάχτηκες |
| 3 sg | φύλασσε | φύλαξε | φυλασσόταν(ε) | φυλάχθηκε, φυλάχτηκε |
| 1 pl | φυλάσσαμε | φυλάξαμε | φυλασσόμασταν, (φυλασσόμαστε) | φυλαχθήκαμε, φυλαχτήκαμε |
| 2 pl | φυλάσσατε | φυλάξατε | φυλασσόσασταν, (φυλασσόσαστε) | φυλαχθήκατε, φυλαχτήκατε |
| 3 pl | φύλασσαν, φυλάσσαν(ε) | φύλαξαν, φυλάξαν(ε) | φυλάσσονταν, (φυλασσόντουσαν) | φυλάχθηκαν, φυλαχθήκαν(ε), φυλάχτηκαν, φυλαχτήκαν(ε) |
| Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
| 1 sg | θα φυλάσσω ➤ | θα φυλάξω ➤ | θα φυλάσσομαι ➤ | θα φυλαχθώ / φυλαχτώ ➤ |
| 2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα φυλάσσεις, … | θα φυλάξεις, … | θα φυλάσσεσαι, … | θα φυλαχθείς / φυλαχτείς, … |
| Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
| Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … φυλάξει έχω, έχεις, … φυλαγμένο, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ |
έχω, έχεις, … φυλαχθεί / φυλαχτεί είμαι, είσαι, … φυλαγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
| Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … φυλάξει είχα, είχες, … φυλαγμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
είχα, είχες, … φυλαχθεί / φυλαχτεί ήμουν, ήσουν, … φυλαγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
| Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φυλάξει θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φυλαγμένο, ‑η, ‑ο |
θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φυλαχθεί / φυλαχτεί θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … φυλαγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
| Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
| Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
| 2 sg | φύλασσε | φύλαξε | — | φυλάξου |
| 2 pl | φυλάσσετε | φυλάξτε | φυλάσσεστε | φυλαχθείτε, φυλαχτείτε |
| Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
| Present participle➤ | φυλάσσοντας ➤ | φυλασσόμενος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
| Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας φυλάξει ➤ | φυλαγμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
| Nonfinite form➤ | φυλάξει | φυλαχθεί, φυλαχτεί | ||
| Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Synonyms
[edit]- περιφρουρώ (perifrouró)
- υπερασπίζω (yperaspízo, “defend”)
Derived terms
[edit]- φυλασσόμενος (fylassómenos, “guarded”, passive present participle)
Related terms
[edit]Compounds
- διαφυλάσσω (diafylásso), διαφυλάττω (diafylátto)
- επιφυλάσσω (epifylásso)
- προφυλάσσω (profylásso)
- and see: φύλακας m (fýlakas, “guard”)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms suffixed with *-ϳω
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek transitive verbs
- Ancient Greek intransitive verbs
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek formal terms
- Greek verbs conjugating like 'κηρύσσω'