χάλιξ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Unknown, perhaps Pre-Greek. Probably cognate, ancestor, or descendant of Latin calx (“limestone, chalk”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kʰá.liks/ → /ˈxa.liks/ → /ˈxa.liks/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰá.liks/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkʰa.liks/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈxa.liks/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈxa.liks/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈxa.liks/

Noun

χᾰ́λῐξ • (khắlĭx) m or f (genitive χᾰ́λῐκος); third declension

1. small stone, pebble
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Fragments 213
   • 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Gout 226
2. gravel, rubble (used in building and concrete making)
   • 431 BCE – 404 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.93
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Cimon 13.7
   • 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 5.4.6
   • 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 839

Declension

Third declension of ὁ / ἡ χᾰ́λῐξ; τοῦ / τῆς χᾰ́λῐκος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ / ἡ χᾰ́λῐξ ho / hē khắlĭx	τὼ χᾰ́λῐκε tṑ khắlĭke	οἱ / αἱ χᾰ́λῐκες hoi / hai khắlĭkes
Genitive	τοῦ / τῆς χᾰ́λῐκος toû / tês khắlĭkos	τοῖν χᾰλῐ́κοιν toîn khălĭ́koin	τῶν χᾰλῐ́κων tôn khălĭ́kōn
Dative	τῷ / τῇ χᾰ́λῐκῐ tōî / tēî khắlĭkĭ	τοῖν χᾰλῐ́κοιν toîn khălĭ́koin	τοῖς / ταῖς χᾰ́λῐξῐ / χᾰ́λῐξῐν toîs / taîs khắlĭxĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν / τὴν χᾰ́λῐκᾰ tòn / tḕn khắlĭkă	τὼ χᾰ́λῐκε tṑ khắlĭke	τοὺς / τᾱ̀ς χᾰ́λῐκᾰς toùs / tā̀s khắlĭkăs
Vocative	χᾰ́λῐξ khắlĭx	χᾰ́λῐκε khắlĭke	χᾰ́λῐκες khắlĭkes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• χαλίκιον (khalíkion)
• χαλικῖτις (khalikîtis)
• χαλικοκαύστης (khalikokaústēs)
• χαλικώδης (khalikṓdēs)
• χαλίκωμα (khalíkōma)

Descendants

• Greek: χαλίκι (chalíki) (from diminutive χαλίκιον)
• → Classical Syriac: ܟܠܫܐ (kelšā)
  • → Arabic: كِلْس (kils)
    • → Classical Persian: کِلْس (kils), کِرْس (kirs)
    • → Georgian: ქარსი (karsi)
    • → Kurdish:

      Northern Kurdish: kisl

      Central Kurdish: قسڵ (qisll)

Further reading

• “χάλιξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “χάλιξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• χάλιξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • concrete idem, page 156.
  • rubble idem, page 724.