χάρτης
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Two theories:
- According to Strong's Biblical Concordance, from χᾰρᾰ́σσω (khărắssō, “to scratch; to inscribe”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to scratch”) (compare Lithuanian žerti (“to scrape”)). Beekes[1] and Chantraine[2] reject this, however, with both treating the etymology as unknown.
- Rendsburg suggests Phoenician 𐤇𐤓𐤈𐤉𐤕 (ḥrṭyt, “that which has been written”),[3] cognate with Biblical Hebrew חֶרֶט (ḥéreṭ, “stylus; style of writing”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰár.tɛːs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkʰar.te̝s/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈxar.tis/
- (10th CE Medieval) IPA(key): /ˈxar.tis/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈxar.tis/
Noun
[edit]χᾰ́ρτης • (khắrtēs) m (genitive χᾰ́ρτου); first declension
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ὁ χᾰ́ρτηςho khắrtēs | τὼ χᾰ́ρτᾱtṑ khắrtā | οἱ χᾰ́ρταιhoi khắrtai |
| genitive | τοῦ χᾰ́ρτουtoû khắrtou | τοῖν χᾰ́ρταινtoîn khắrtain | τῶν χᾰρτῶνtôn khărtôn |
| dative | τῷ χᾰ́ρτῃtōî khắrtēi | τοῖν χᾰ́ρταινtoîn khắrtain | τοῖς χᾰ́ρταιςtoîs khắrtais |
| accusative | τὸν χᾰ́ρτηνtòn khắrtēn | τὼ χᾰ́ρτᾱtṑ khắrtā | τοὺς χᾰ́ρτᾱςtoùs khắrtās |
| vocative | χᾰ́ρτᾰkhắrtă | χᾰ́ρτᾱkhắrtā | χᾰ́ρταιkhắrtai |
- This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
Derived terms
[edit]- ξῠλοχᾰ́ρτῐᾰ (xŭlokhắrtĭă)
- ξῠλοχᾰ́ρτῐον (xŭlokhắrtĭon)
- χᾰρτῐ́ον (khărtĭ́on)
- χᾰρτοθήκη (khărtothḗkē)
Descendants
[edit]- Greek: χάρτης (chártis)
- → Romanian: hartă
- → Aramaic:
- Syriac script: ܟܼܲܪܛܝܼܣܵܐ (ḵarṭīsā), ܟܪܛܐܣܐ
- Hebrew script: כַּרְטִיסָא (karṭīsā), קַרְטִיסָא (qarṭīsā), קַרְטָאסָא (qarṭāsā),
- → Bulgarian: хартия (hartija)
- → Hebrew: כַּרְטִיס (kartís)
- → Latin: charta (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Armenian: քարտ (kʻart), քարտէզ (kʻartēz), քարտէն (kʻartēn), քարտէս (kʻartēs)
- → Russian: хартия (xartija)
- ⇒ Koine Greek: χαρτίον (khartíon)
- Greek: χαρτί (chartí) (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “χάρτης”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1615-6
- ^ Dictionnaire Etymologique De La Langue Grecque, Pierre Chantraine, 2009, page 1249
- ^ Rendsburg, Gary A. (2020), “The Etymology of χάρτης ‘Papyrus Roll’”, in Scripta Classica Israelica[1], volume 36, , archived from the original on 6 December 2022, pages 149-169
Further reading
[edit]- “χάρτης”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χάρτης”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “χάρτης” in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- Strong, James (1979), “G5489”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learnedly, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (“a papyrus scroll”), semantic loan from Italian carta or from English chart, from Latin charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs).[1] Doublet of κάρτα (kárta, “card”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]χάρτης • (chártis) m (plural χάρτες)
- (navigation) map, chart
- charter, project charter, constitution
- καταστατικός χάρτης ― katastatikós chártis ― charter
- (dated) synonym of χαρτί n (chartí, “paper”) in the set phrase
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | χάρτης (chártis) | χάρτες (chártes) |
| genitive | χάρτη (chárti) | χαρτών (chartón) |
| accusative | χάρτη (chárti) | χάρτες (chártes) |
| vocative | χάρτη (chárti) | χάρτες (chártes) |
Formal dated genitive singular: χάρτου
Derived terms
[edit]- άσκηση επί χάρτου (áskisi epí chártou)
- ο Χάρτης του ΟΗΕ (o Chártis tou OIE, “Charter of the United Nations”)
Related terms
[edit]- χαρτο-, χαρτό-, χαρτ-
- χάρτα f (chárta, “chart”) (dated, formal)
- χαρτί n (chartí, “paper”) and derivatives
Related to maps:
- αχαρτογράφητος (achartográfitos, “uncharted”)
- χαρτογράφηση f (chartográfisi, “mapping, making a map”)
- χαρτογραφία f (chartografía, “cartography”)
- χαρτογραφικός (chartografikós, adjective)
- χαρτογράφος m or f (chartográfos, “cartographer”)
- χαρτογραφώ (chartografó, “to map”)
Descendants
[edit]- → Romanian: hartă
References
[edit]- ^ χάρτης, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
Further reading
[edit]
χάρτης on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el
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