χίλιοι

Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek cardinal numbers

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Cardinal : χίλιοι (khílioi)     Ordinal : χιλιοστός (khiliostós)     Adverbial : χιλιάκις (khiliákis)

Alternative forms

• χήλιοι (khḗlioi) — Laconian
• χέλιοι (khélioi) (Doric)
• χέλλιοι (khéllioi) — Lesbian, Thessalian
• χείλιοι (kheílioi) — Ionic

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰehliyoi, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰesliyoy, from *ǵʰes-, whence χείρ (kheír)), as if meaning “full hand”. Cognates include Sanskrit सहस्र (sahásra) and Latin mīlle.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kʰǐː.li.oi̯/ → /ˈçi.li.y/ → /ˈçi.li.i/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰǐː.li.oi̯/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkʰi.li.y/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈçi.li.y/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈçi.li.y/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈçi.li.i/

Numeral

χῑ́λῐοι • (khī́lioi) (feminine χῑ́λῐαι, neuter χῑ́λῐα)

1. thousand

Inflection

First and second declension of χῑ́λιοι; χῑ́λιαι; χῑ́λιᾰ (Attic)

Number		Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		χῑ́λιοι khī́lioi	χῑ́λιαι khī́liai	χῑ́λιᾰ khī́lia
Genitive		χῑλίων / χιλιῶν khīlíōn / khiliôn	χῑλίων / χιλιῶν khīlíōn / khiliôn	χῑλίων / χιλιῶν khīlíōn / khiliôn
Dative		χῑλίοις / χῑλίοισι / χῑλίοισιν khīlíois / khīlíoisi(n)	χῑλίαις / χῑλίαισι / χῑλίαισιν khīlíais / khīlíaisi(n)	χῑλίοις / χῑλίοισι / χῑλίοισιν khīlíois / khīlíoisi(n)
Accusative		χῑλίους khīlíous	χῑλίᾱς khīlíās	χῑ́λιᾰ khī́lia
Vocative		χῑ́λιοι khī́lioi	χῑ́λιαι khī́liai	χῑ́λιᾰ khī́lia
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Singular forms are used with collective nouns.

Descendants

• Greek: χίλια (chília)
• Bulgarian: хиляда (hiljada)
• Pontic Greek: χ̌ίλι̮α (šíli̮a), χ̌ίλα̤ (šílä)
  • → Laz: შილია (şilia), შილჲა (şilya)
• English: chiliad

References

• “χίλιοι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “χίλιοι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “χίλιοι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• χίλιοι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• χίλιοι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• G5507 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • thousand idem, page 868.
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag