χόνδρος

See also: χονδρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain.

• Maybe with dissimilatory elision from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ- (“to grind, crush”) (see *gʰer-), the same root of Proto-Germanic *grindaną (“to grind”) and Latin frendō (“I gnash”), +‎ -ρος (-ros). However, Beekes finds this proposal unconvincing.
• Beekes suggests a possible relationship with Ancient Greek χέραδος (khérados) and Ancient Greek χαράδρα (kharádra). If this theory is accepted, then the term would be of non-Indo-European origin.
• Adams connects the term with Tocharian B kanti, Hittite [script needed] (kant-), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬎𐬨𐬀 (gantuma), Sanskrit गोधाम (godhāma), Sogdian [script needed] (γndwm), Shughni [script needed] (žindam), Khotanese [script needed] (ganama-), and Persian [script needed] (gandum). Based on these connections, Adams reconstructions Proto-Indo-European *gʰondʰ-.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kʰón.dros/ → /ˈxon.dros/ → /ˈxon.dros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰón.dros/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkʰon.dros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈxon.dros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈxon.dros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈxon.dros/

Noun

χόνδρος • (khóndros) m (genitive χόνδρου); second declension

1. A small rounded mass: lump
2. grain, groat, corn, spelt
3. cartilage

Declension

Second declension of ὁ χόνδρος; τοῦ χόνδρου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ χόνδρος ho khóndros	τὼ χόνδρω tṑ khóndrō	οἱ χόνδροι hoi khóndroi
Genitive	τοῦ χόνδρου toû khóndrou	τοῖν χόνδροιν toîn khóndroin	τῶν χόνδρων tôn khóndrōn
Dative	τῷ χόνδρῳ tōî khóndrōi	τοῖν χόνδροιν toîn khóndroin	τοῖς χόνδροις toîs khóndrois
Accusative	τὸν χόνδρον tòn khóndron	τὼ χόνδρω tṑ khóndrō	τοὺς χόνδρους toùs khóndrous
Vocative	χόνδρε khóndre	χόνδρω khóndrō	χόνδροι khóndroi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἄχονδρος (ákhondros)
• χονδρῑ́λη (khondrī́lē)
• χόνδρινος (khóndrinos)
• χονδρίον (khondríon)

Descendants

• → Arabic: خَنْدَرِيس (ḵandarīs)
• → English: chondro-
• → Greek: χόνδρος (chóndros)

Further reading

• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “χόνδρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1643
• “χόνδρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “χόνδρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• χόνδρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • grain idem, page 369.
  • gristle idem, page 374.
  • gruel idem, page 376.
  • pap idem, page 591.
• Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 146

Greek

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χόνδρος (khóndros, “groat, cartilage”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxon.ðɾos/

Noun

χόνδρος • (chóndros) m (plural χόνδροι)

1. (anatomy) cartilage, gristle, cartilaginous skeletal material
2. groats

Declension

Declension of χόνδρος

	singular	plural
nominative	χόνδρος (chóndros)	χόνδροι (chóndroi)
genitive	χόνδρου (chóndrou)	χόνδρων (chóndron)
accusative	χόνδρο (chóndro)	χόνδρους (chóndrous)
vocative	χόνδρε (chóndre)	χόνδροι (chóndroi)

Related terms

• χονδρικός (chondrikós, “cartilaginous”)

Further reading

• χόνδρος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el