Русь
Belarusian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old Ruthenian Русь (Rusʹ).
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
Русь • (Rusʹ) f inan (genitive Ру́сі or Русі́, uncountable, related adjective ру́скі)
- Rus
- Kievan Rus
- Кі́еўская Русь ― Kíjeŭskaja Rusʹ ― Kievan Rus
- Ruthenia, "Old Russia"
Declension[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
- Ру́ская зямля́ (Rúskaja zjamljá)
Derived terms[edit]
- Бе́лая Русь (Bjélaja Rusʹ, “White Ruthenia, White Russia, Belarus”)
- Чырво́ная Русь (Čyrvónaja Rusʹ, “Red Ruthenia”) (Eastern Galicia)
- Чо́рная Русь (Čórnaja Rusʹ, “Black Ruthenia”)
- Кі́еўская Русь (Kíjeŭskaja Rusʹ, “Kievan Rus”)
Old East Slavic[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowing from an ethnonym Proto-Finnic *roocci with the meaning (“people from the coast of Roþrin (‘administrative subdivision in coastal Eastern Sweden’)”), while its native Scandinavian equivalent is not attested.[1] The Finnic word, which refers to the Swedes (Germanic tribe), and later the whole of Sweden, is in turn borrowed from Old East Norse *roþs- (see Finnish Ruotsi for more). Compare Old East Slavic Сумь (Sumĭ), borrowed from Proto-Finnic *soomi. The Old East Slavic proper noun Русь is first recorded in the 12th-century Primary Chronicle. Older attestations of the same name in Greek, Latin and Arabic date to the 9th and 10th centuries. More at Rus.
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
Роусь (Rusĭ) f inan (genitive Роуси)
- (collectively) Name of a group of Varangians, the ruling class in the principalities of Rus. [9th c.]
- [1]
- Афетово же колѣно и то Варѧзи . Свеи . Оурманє . Готѣ . Русь . Аглѧнѣ . Галичанѣ . Волохове . Римлѧнѣ . Нѣмци . Корлѧзи . Венедици . Фрѧговѣ . и прочии присѣдѧть ѿ запада къ полуденью. и съсѣдѧтсѧ съ племенем̑ Хамовомъ.
- Afetovo že kolěno i to Varęzi . Svei . Urmane . Gotě . Rusĭ . Aglęně . Galičaně . Voloxove . Rimlęně . Němci . Korlęzi . Venedici . Fręgově . i pročij prisědętĭ otŭ zapada kŭ poludenĭju. i sŭsědętsę sŭ plemenem̑ Xamovomŭ.
- The offspring of Japheth were the Varangians, Swedes, Norsemen, Goths, Rusĭ, Angles, Galicians, Vlachs, Romans, Germans, Korlyazi ["Carolingians", i.e. Franks], Venetians, Fryazi [Italians, Genovese] and others. In the west they are ajacent to the southern countries, and neighbours with the Hamites.
- s.a. 6370 (862)
- идоша за море к Варѧгом̑ . к Руси . сіце бо звахуть . ты Варѧ̑гы Русь . ꙗко се друзии зовутсѧ Свеє . друзии же Оурмани . Аньглѧне . инѣи и Готе . тако и си ркоша.
- idoša za more k Varęgom̑ . k Rusi . sice bo zvaxutĭ . ty Varę̑gy Rusĭ . jako se druzij zovutsę Svee . druzij že Urmani . Anĭglęne . iněj i Gote . tako i si rkoša.
- And they went overseas to the Varangians, to the Rusĭ. These particular Varangians were known as Rusĭ, just as some are called Swedes, and others Normans and Angles, and still others Gotlanders, for they were thus named.
- [1]
- (collectively) Inhabitants of Rus; East Slavic people. [10–12th cc.]
- Synonym: Русьскаꙗ землꙗ (Rusĭskaja zemlja)
Usage notes[edit]
Русь (Rusĭ) is the collective plural for the Varangian elite ruling Rus', the Old East Slavic state. A single individual is called a русинъ (rusinŭ), whence modern Russian руси́н (rusín, “Ruthenian”). While the Rus-Byzantine treaty of AD 911 is unclear on whether "Rus" refers just to the ruling elite or to the entire population, the treaty of 944 is explicit on the point that the "Rus" are "all people of the Rus land" (русьскаꙗ землꙗ (rusĭskaja zemlja)).
Derived terms[edit]
- русьскъ (rusĭskŭ)
Descendants[edit]
- Old Ruthenian: Русь (Rusʹ)
- Middle Russian: Русь (Rusʹ)
- → Arabic: رُوس (rūs)
- → English: Rūs
- → Byzantine Greek: Ῥῶς (Rhôs)
- → Medieval Latin: Russī
- → Middle High German: Rûz, Riuz, Riuze
- → Yiddish: רוס (rus)
- → Middle Mongol: 斡羅思 (oros); 斡魯速惕 pl (orus-ut)
- Classical Mongolian: ᠣᠷᠤᠰ᠋ (orus)
- → Proto-Turkic:
References[edit]
- ^ Andersson, Thorsten. “Rus” and “Viking”, ANF [Arkiv för nordisk filologi – Archive of Scandinavian Philology] 122 (2007), pp. 5‒13.
Old Ruthenian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- Рꙋсь (Rusʹ)
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old East Slavic Роусь (Rusĭ), borrowed from Proto-Finnic *roocci, further borrowed from Old Norse *roþs-, from róðr, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rōþrą. Cognate with Russian Русь (Rusʹ), Byzantine Greek Ῥῶς (Rhôs).
Proper noun[edit]
Русь • (Rusʹ) f inan
- (collectively) Inhabitants of Rus; East Slavic people
- Rus
Descendants[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1978), “*Русь¹; Русь²”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2: Н – Ѳ, Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 309
- Bulyka, A. M., editor (2010), “Русь”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), issue 30 (ралецъ – рушать), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 485
- Stryzhak, O. S., editor (1985), “Рꙋсь”, in Етимологічний словник літописних географічних назв Південної Русі [Etymological Dictionary of Chronicle Geographical Names of Southern Rus'] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 117
Russian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ).
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
Русь • (Rusʹ) f inan (genitive Руси́, nominative plural Ру́си, genitive plural Русе́й, related adjective ру́сский)
- Rus
- (poetic) Russia
- Synonym: (regular term) Росси́я (Rossíja)
- Kievan Rus
- An umbrella term for the territory of modern Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, inhabited by the East Slavic Christian Orthodox people. Used until the 20th century.
- name of a St. Petersburg daily newspaper published from 1903 to 1908
- name of a special forces unit (ОСНАЗ) of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (formed 1994)
Usage notes[edit]
- Preposition на (na) should be used to express the location, e.g. "на Руси́" - in Rus, in Russia.
Declension[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
- Ру́сская земля́ (Rússkaja zemljá)
Derived terms[edit]
- ру́сский (rússkij)
- Ки́евская Русь (Kíjevskaja Rusʹ, “Kievan Rus”)
- Вели́кая Русь (Velíkaja Rusʹ, “Great Russia, Muscovy”)
- Ма́лая Русь (Málaja Rusʹ, “Little Russia, Ukraine”)
- Бе́лая Русь (Bélaja Rusʹ, “White Ruthenia, White Russia, Belarus”)
- Чёрная Русь (Čórnaja Rusʹ, “Black Ruthenia”)
- Карпа́тская Русь (Karpátskaja Rusʹ, “Carpathian Ukraine”)
- вы́русь (výrusʹ, “a Russian who rejected their Russian identity for another”)
- не́русь (nérusʹ, “a non-ethnic Russian”)
- о́трусь (ótrusʹ, “a Russian who left their Russian identity”)
- ру́сич (rúsič, “an inhabitant of ancient Rus, a Rusyn”)
Descendants[edit]
Ukrainian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old Ruthenian Русь (Rusʹ).
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
Русь • (Rusʹ) f inan (genitive Ру́сі or Русі́ or Ру́си or Руси́, uncountable, related adjective ру́ський)
- Rus
- Kievan Rus
- Ки́ївська Русь ― Kýjivsʹka Rusʹ ― Kievan Rus
- Ruthenia
Declension[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
- Ру́ська земля́ (Rúsʹka zemljá)
Derived terms[edit]
- Украї́на-Русь (Ukrajína-Rusʹ), Русь-Украї́на (Rusʹ-Ukrajína)
- Ру́ська земля́ (Rúsʹka zemljá, “Ruthenia”)
- Ки́ївська Русь (Kýjivsʹka Rusʹ, “Kievan Rus”)
- Мала́ Русь (Malá Rusʹ, “Little Russia”)
- Черво́на Русь (Červóna Rusʹ, “Red Ruthenia”) (Eastern Galicia)
- Чо́рна Русь (Čórna Rusʹ, “Black Ruthenia”)
- Підкарпа́тська Русь (Pidkarpátsʹka Rusʹ, “Subcarpathian Ruthenia”)
- Belarusian terms inherited from Old Ruthenian
- Belarusian terms derived from Old Ruthenian
- Belarusian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Belarusian lemmas
- Belarusian proper nouns
- Belarusian uncountable nouns
- Belarusian feminine nouns
- Belarusian inanimate nouns
- Belarusian terms with usage examples
- Belarusian soft third-declension feminine-form nouns
- Belarusian soft third-declension feminine-form accent-a nouns
- Belarusian nouns with accent pattern a
- Belarusian soft third-declension feminine-form accent-b nouns
- Belarusian nouns with accent pattern b
- Belarusian nouns with multiple accent patterns
- Old East Slavic terms borrowed from Proto-Finnic
- Old East Slavic terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Old East Slavic terms derived from Old East Norse
- Old East Slavic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old East Slavic lemmas
- Old East Slavic proper nouns
- Old East Slavic feminine nouns
- Old East Slavic inanimate nouns
- Old East Slavic collective nouns
- Old East Slavic terms with usage examples
- Old Ruthenian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from Old Norse
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁reh₁-
- Old Ruthenian lemmas
- Old Ruthenian proper nouns
- Old Ruthenian feminine nouns
- Old Ruthenian inanimate nouns
- Old Ruthenian collective nouns
- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio links
- Russian lemmas
- Russian proper nouns
- Russian feminine nouns
- Russian inanimate nouns
- Russian terms with usage examples
- Russian poetic terms
- Russian 3rd-declension feminine-form nouns
- Russian 3rd-declension feminine-form accent-f'' nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern f''
- ru:Russia
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old Ruthenian
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old Ruthenian
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian terms with audio links
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian proper nouns
- Ukrainian uncountable nouns
- Ukrainian feminine nouns
- Ukrainian inanimate nouns
- Ukrainian terms with usage examples
- Ukrainian third-declension feminine-form nouns
- Ukrainian third-declension feminine-form accent-a nouns
- Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a
- Ukrainian third-declension feminine-form accent-d nouns
- Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern d
- Ukrainian nouns with multiple accent patterns