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бути

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Ukrainian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old East Slavic бꙑти (byti), from Proto-Slavic *byti. The u in the infinitive and past tense was probably influenced by the future tense. Compare Pannonian Rusyn буц (buc) as well as (rare and possibly hyper-corrected) Old Novgorodian буть (butĭ) for the infinitive and Belarusian быць (bycʹ) for the senses.

Pronunciation

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  • (Standard Ukrainian) IPA(key): [ˈbute]
    • Audio (Standard Ukrainian):(file)
  • (Galician-Bukovian) IPA(key): /ˈbutɪ/, [ˈbu̯͡o̝t̪ɘ], [bu̯͡ʊt̪ɘ], [bʷo̝t̪ɘ], [bʷʊt̪ɘ]
  • (Carpathian) IPA(key): /ˈbɯtɪ/, [bʷɯ̞t̪ɪ]
    • Audio (Carpathian):(file)

Verb

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бу́ти • (búty) impf

  1. to be
    У ме́не є пита́ння ― U méne je pytánnja ― I have a question.
    Він був до́бре відо́мий на ба́тьківщині. ― Vin buv dóbre vidómyj na bátʹkivščyni. ― He was well known in his homeland.
  2. (auxiliary, future tense) used to form the future tense of imperfect verbs
    Бу́ду роби́ти ― Búdu robýty ― I will be doing.
    Жи́ти бу́де ― Žýty búde ― He/She/It will live (be living).
  3. (auxiliary, past tense) used to form the pluperfect tense
    Я був сказа́в / Я була́ сказа́ла ― Ja buv skazáv / Ja bulá skazála ― I had said
    Вона́ пила́ була́ ― Voná pylá bulá ― She had been drinking
    • 1991 August 24, Акт проголошення незалежності України (Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic)‎[1]:
      Виходячи із смертельної небезпеки, яка нависла була над Україною в зв'язку з державним переворотом в СРСР 19 серпня 1991 року,
      Vyxodjačy iz smertelʹnoji nebezpeky, jaka navysla bula nad Ukrajinoju v zvʺjazku z deržavnym perevorotom v SRSR 19 serpnja 1991 roku,
      Coming from the mortal danger, which had hung over Ukraine in connection with the state coup in the USSR on August 19, 1991,

Usage notes

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  • Omitted in the present tense except in the third-person singular "є", which is used occasionally to express possession or definition or for emphasis.
  • To express A=B (to indicate that the subject and object are the same), in the present tense, the verb is omitted and — can be used, e.g.:
    мій брат — вчи́тель ― mij brat — včýtelʹ ― My brother is a teacher
  • "—" is not used when the subject is a pronoun, e.g.:
    я студе́нт ― ja studént ― I am a student
  • Omitted in the present tense to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal
    вона́ вродли́ва ― voná vrodlýva ― she is beautiful

Conjugation

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Derived terms

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Prefixed verbs

Further reading

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