клеймо
Bulgarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Russian клеймо́ (klejmó), of Germanic origin (cognate with dial. English cloam).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
клеймо́ • (klejmó) n
- (historical) brand (on a slave or criminal)
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- кле́ймя (kléjmja), заклеймя́вам (zaklejmjávam, “to stigmatize”)
References[edit]
- “клеймо”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “клеймо”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
Russian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Dialectally also клейно́ (klejnó); cognate with Ukrainian клеймо́ (klejmó), клейно́ (klejnó) and Belarusian кляймо́ (kljajmó), кляйно́ (kljajnó). Per Vasmer, borrowed from unattested Old High German *kleim (“glue, clay, mortar”), from Proto-West Germanic *klaim.
(Only Old High German kleimen (“to smear, to oil”) is attested, but the vowel sequence -ей- is most easily derived from Old High German or Old Norse among the Germanic languages, and Vasmer specifically denies a derivation from Old Norse kleima.)
Compare Old English clām (“clay, mud”) (whence dialectal English cloam (“clay”)), Middle Low German klēm (“glue, mortar, plaster”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
клеймо́ • (klejmó) n inan (genitive клейма́, nominative plural кле́йма, genitive plural клейм)
- brand, stamp, identification mark
- (figuratively) stain, taint as in tainted reputation
- stigma
Declension[edit]
Related terms[edit]
- клейми́ть (klejmítʹ), заклейми́ть (zaklejmítʹ)
- клейма не́где ста́вить (klejma négde stávitʹ)
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “клеймо”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. & suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
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