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малый

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Russian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old East Slavic малъ (malŭ), from Proto-Slavic *malъ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal-, *(s)mel-, whence English small.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈmaɫɨj]
  • Audio:(file)

Adjective

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ма́лый (mályj) (comparative (по)ме́ньше, superlative (наи)мале́йший or (наи)ме́ньший, adverb ма́ло or пома́лу or ма́ло-пома́лу, abstract noun ма́лость, diminutive ма́ленький or малю́сенький, intensive ма́ленький or малю́сенький or малёхонький or малёшенький)

  1. small, little
  2. short

Usage notes

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  • The short form should not be conflated with the adjective мал (mal, too small), which has lexicalized as a short-form-only adjective in its own right.
  • Special short forms are found in the following expressions:
    • от ма́ла до вели́каot mála do velíkaall ages (literally, “from small to big”)
      ма́ла (mála) and вели́ка (velíka) are old short genitives.
    • ку́ча мала́kúča malápile of people; disorderly heap (literally, “small pile”)
      мала́ f (malá) is an old short attributive adjective.
    • мал мала́ ме́ньшеmal malá ménʹšeone smaller than the next (literally, “small small smaller”)
      мал m (mal) and мала́ f (malá) are old short attributive adjectives.

Declension

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Derived terms

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Compound words:

Compounds:

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Noun

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ма́лый (mályjm anim (genitive ма́лого, nominative plural ма́лые, genitive plural ма́лых)

  1. fellow, guy, chap
    Synonyms: па́рень (párenʹ), ю́ноша m (júnoša)
    • 1882, Антон Чехов [Anton Chekhov], chapter I, in Живой товар; English translation from Constance Garnett, transl., A Living Chattel, 1922:
      В гости́ную вошёл высо́кий широкопле́чий ма́лый, лет тридцати́, в чино́вничьем вицмунди́ре.
      V gostínuju vošól vysókij širokopléčij mályj, let tridcatí, v činóvničʹjem vicmundíre.
      A tall, broad-shouldered man of thirty, in the uniform of a government clerk, had walked into the drawing-room.

Declension

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References

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  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “малый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “малый”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 505

Further reading

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