пека

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic пещи (pešti), from Proto-Slavic *peťi. Cognate with Russian печь (pečʹ), Latin coquō (whence English cook), Ancient Greek πέσσω (péssō), and Sanskrit पचति (pacati).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [pɛˈkɤ]

Verb

пека́ • (peká) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective опека́)

to bake, to roast, to barbecue, to toast, to bum, to fire
(of the sun) to scorch, to be hot, to shine hot (on), to beat down (on), (of fire) to warm

Conjugation

Conjugation of пека́ (conjugation 1.1, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	печа́щ, пече́щ¹ pečášt, pečéšt¹	пе́къл pékǎl	печа́л, пече́л¹ pečál, pečél¹	пе́чен péčen		пече́йки pečéjki
	definite subject form	печа́щият, пече́щият¹ pečáštijat, pečéštijat¹	пе́клият péklijat	—	пе́ченият péčenijat
	definite object form	печа́щия, пече́щия¹ pečáštija, pečéštija¹	пе́клия péklija	—	пе́чения péčenija
feminine	indefinite	печа́ща, пече́ща¹ pečášta, pečéšta¹	пе́кла pékla	печа́ла, пече́ла¹ pečála, pečéla¹	пе́чена péčena
feminine	definite	печа́щата, пече́щата¹ pečáštata, pečéštata¹	пе́клата péklata	—	пе́чената péčenata
neuter	indefinite	печа́що, пече́що¹ pečášto, pečéšto¹	пе́кло péklo	печа́ло, пече́ло¹ pečálo, pečélo¹	пе́чено péčeno	пе́чене péčene
neuter	definite	печа́щото, пече́щото¹ pečáštoto, pečéštoto¹	пе́клото pékloto	—	пе́ченото péčenoto	пе́ченето péčeneto
plural	indefinite	печа́щи, пече́щи¹ pečášti, pečéšti¹	пе́кли pékli	печа́ли, пече́ли¹ pečáli, pečéli¹	пе́чени péčeni	пе́чения, пе́ченета péčenija, péčeneta
plural	definite	печа́щите, пече́щите¹ pečáštite, pečéštite¹	пе́клите péklite	—	пе́чените péčenite	пе́ченията, пе́ченетата péčenijata, péčenetata

person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		пека́ peká	пече́ш pečéš	пече́ pečé	пече́м pečém	пече́те pečéte	пека́т pekát
imperfect		печа́х, пече́х¹ pečáh, pečéh¹	пече́ше pečéše	пече́ше pečéše	печа́хме, пече́хме¹ pečáhme, pečéhme¹	печа́хте, пече́хте¹ pečáhte, pečéhte¹	печа́ха, пече́ха¹ pečáha, pečéha¹
aorist		пе́кох pékoh	пе́че péče	пе́че péče	пе́кохме pékohme	пе́кохте pékohte	пе́коха pékoha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
future	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future in the past	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and печа́л/пече́л¹ m, печа́ла/пече́ла¹ f, печа́ло/пече́ло¹ n, or печа́ли/пече́ли¹ pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and печа́л/пече́л¹ m, печа́ла/пече́ла¹ f, печа́ло/пече́ло¹ n, or печа́ли/пече́ли¹ pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and печа́л/пече́л¹ m, печа́ла/пече́ла¹ f, печа́ло/пече́ло¹ n, or печа́ли/пече́ли¹ pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
conditional		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and пе́къл m, пе́кла f, пе́кло n, or пе́кли pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
imperative			печи́ pečí			пече́те pečéte

¹Largely fallen into disuse.

Derived terms

допека (dopeka)
запека (zapeka)
изпека (izpeka)
напека (napeka)
опека (opeka)
пекар (pekar)
пекарница (pekarnica)
печиво (pečivo)
печка (pečka)
понапека (ponapeka)
поопека (poopeka)
попека (popeka)
препека (prepeka)
припека (pripeka)
спека (speka)

References

“пека”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
“пека”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “пека”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 130

Russian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈpʲekə]

Noun

пе́ка • (péka) m inan

genitive singular of пек (pek)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Deverbal from пећи.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pêka/
Hyphenation: пе‧ка

Noun

пе̏ка f (Latin spelling pȅka)

iron pan for baking bread

Declension

Declension of *пека*
	singular	plural
nominative	пе̏ка	пеке
genitive	пеке	пе̑ка̄
dative	пеки / пеци	пекама
accusative	пеку	пеке
vocative	пеко	пеке
locative	пеки / пеци	пекама
instrumental	пеком	пекама

References

“пека”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025