слуга

Bulgarian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *slew-der.

Proto-Balto-Slavic *sláugasder.?

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ

Proto-Slavic *-a?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew-

Proto-Slavic *sluti?

Proto-Indo-European *gʰeder.

Proto-Slavic *-ga?

Proto-Slavic *sluga

Bulgarian слуга

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sluga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sɫoˈɡa]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian, l-vocalization):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɡa
• Syllabification^(key): слу‧га

Noun

слуга́ • (slugá) m (feminine слуги́ня)

1. male servant
2. (figurative) agent, blind follower (of some agenda)

Declension

Declension of слуга́

	singular	plural
indefinite	слуга́ slugá	слуги́ slugí
definite	слуга́та slugáta	слуги́те slugíte

Derived terms

• слуга́р m (slugár), слуга́рка f (slugárka, agent nouns) (rare)
• слугина́ж (slugináž, “servitude”)
• слугу́вам (slugúvam, “to act as a servant”) (iterative)
• слу́жа (slúža, “to serve”) (causative-iterative)
  • слу́жба (slúžba, “service”)
  • служи́тел m (služítel), служи́телка f (služítelka, “employee”)

Related terms

• заслу́га (zaslúga, “merit”)
• прислу́га (prislúga, “servants”) (collective)
  • прислу́жник m (prislúžnik), прислу́жница f (prislúžnica)
• услу́га (uslúga, “favour”)

References

• “слуга”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “слуга”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Nayden Gerov; Тодор Панчев (1904), “слуга́”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 193
• Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “слуга”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 117
• “слоуга”, in Старобългарски речник [Dictionary of Old Bulgarian] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2026

Anagrams

• гусла (gusla)

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sluga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsɫuɡa]

Noun

слуга • (sluga) m (plural слуги, feminine слугинка, relational adjective слугински)

1. servant

Declension

Declension of слуга

	singular	plural
indefinite	слуга (sluga)	слуги (slugi)
definite unspecified	слугата (slugata)	слугите (slugite)
definite proximal	слугава (slugava)	слугиве (slugive)
definite distal	слугана (slugana)	слугине (slugine)
vocative	слуго (slugo)	слуги (slugi)

Old East Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *slūgà.

Noun

слуга́ (slugá) m

1. servant

Declension

Accent paradigm b.

Descendants

• Belarusian: слуга́ (sluhá)
• Russian: слуга́ (slugá)
• Ukrainian: слуга́ (sluhá)

Further reading

• Zaliznyak, Andrey A. (2019), “слуга́”, in Древнерусское ударение: Общие сведения и словарь [Old East Slavic accent: General Information and Dictionary]‎^[1] (in Russian), 2nd, expanded and revised edition, Moscow: Publishing House “YASK”, →DOI, →ISBN, page 170

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *slew-der.

Proto-Balto-Slavic *sláugasder.?

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ

Proto-Slavic *-a?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew-

Proto-Slavic *sluti?

Proto-Indo-European *gʰeder.

Proto-Slavic *-ga?

Proto-Slavic *sluga

Old Slovak sluha

Pannonian Rusyn слуга

Inherited from Old Slovak sluha, from Proto-Slavic *sluga. Cognates include Carpathian Rusyn слуга́ (sluhá) and Slovak sluha.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsluɦa]
• Rhymes: -uɦa
• Hyphenation: слу‧га

Noun

слуга (sluha) m pers (diminutive служка, feminine equivalent служнїца, augmentative слугиско, possessive adjective слугов, relational adjective слуговски)

1. servant

   слуга народу ― sluha narodu ― the people's servant

2. boy (younger male servant)

   Synonyms: служка (služka), хлопец (xlopec)

Usage notes

• All prefixed forms of this noun are of feminine grammatical gender.

Declension

Declension of слуга (sluha)

	singular	plural
nominative	слуга (sluha)	слугове (sluhove)
genitive	слуги / слугу (sluhi / sluhu)	слугох (sluhox)
dative	слугови (sluhovi)	слугом (sluhom)
accusative	слугу (sluhu)	слугох (sluhox)
instrumental	слугом (sluhom)	слугами (sluhami)
locative	слугови (sluhovi)	слугох (sluhox)
vocative	слуго (sluho)	слугове (sluhove)

Related terms

adjectives

• вислужни (vislužni)
• дослужни (doslužni)
• заслужни (zaslužni)
• услужни (uslužni)

nouns

• вислуга f (visluha)
• заслуга f (zasluha)
• послуга f (posluha)
• служба f (služba)
• служитель m (služitelʹ)
• услуга f (usluha)

verbs

• слуговац impf (sluhovac)
• служиц impf (služic)

References

• Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M. (1995), “момак”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Сербско-руски словнїк [Serbian-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (А – Њ), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy, page 674
• Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M. (1997), “слуга”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Сербско-руски словнїк [Serbian-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 2 (О – Ш), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy, page 541
• Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “слуга”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy, page 809
• Fejsa, M.; Šlemender, M.; Čelʹovski, S. (2022), “boy”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 42
• Fejsa, M.; Šlemender, M.; Čelʹovski, S. (2022), “servant”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 273

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sluga. Cognates include Irish slua, Lithuanian slaugà (“servitude”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sɫʊˈɡa]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

слуга́ • (slugá) m anim (genitive слуги́, nominative plural слу́ги, genitive plural слуг, female equivalent служа́нка)

1. servant
2. clothes valet

Declension

Declension of слуга́ (anim fem-form velar-stem accent-d) 

	singular	plural
nominative	слуга́ slugá	слу́ги slúgi
genitive	слуги́ slugí	слу́г slúg
dative	слуге́ slugé	слу́гам slúgam
accusative	слугу́ slugú	слу́г slúg
instrumental	слуго́й, слуго́ю slugój, slugóju	слу́гами slúgami
prepositional	слуге́ slugé	слу́гах slúgax

Derived terms

Phrases

• у ни́щих слуг нет (u níščix slug net)

Related terms

• прислужник (prislužnik)
• служа́нка (služánka)
• слу́жба (slúžba)
• служи́ть (služítʹ)
• служка (služka)
• услуга (usluga)

Further reading

• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “слуга”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.
  • See: Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “служить”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.
• (… Барин-то ты барин, да только я тебе не слуга. …) Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “барин”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sluga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /slǔːɡa/
• Hyphenation: слу‧га

Noun

слу́га m anim (Latin spelling slúga, female equivalent слу̏шкиња or слу̀гиња)

1. servant

Declension

Declension of слуга

	singular	plural
nominative	слу́га	слу̑ге
genitive	слуге	слу̑гӯ / слу̑га̄
dative	слуги	слугама
accusative	слугу	слуге
vocative	слу̑го	слуге
locative	слуги	слугама
instrumental	слугом	слугама

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sluga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sɫʊˈɦa]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

слуга́ • (sluhá) m pers or f pers (genitive слуги́, nominative plural слу́ги, genitive plural слуг, female equivalent служни́ця)

1. servant, manservant, waiter, valet

Declension

Declension of слуга́
(pers hard fem-form accent-d)

	singular	plural
nominative	слуга́ sluhá	слу́ги slúhy
genitive	слуги́ sluhý	слуг sluh
dative	слузі́ sluzí	слу́гам slúham
accusative	слугу́ sluhú	слуг sluh
instrumental	слуго́ю sluhóju	слу́гами slúhamy
locative	слузі́ sluzí	слу́гах slúhax
vocative	слуго́ sluhó	слу́ги slúhy

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “слуга”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka