сорокъ
Old East Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sorkъ. Cognates with Old Novgorodian сороке (soroke).
As a counting unit, it likely originated in hunters' jargon. Semantic evolution: “shirt” > “cloth used for wrapping pelts” > “bundle of 40 fur pelts (e.g., sable, marten, squirrel)” > “unit of account equal to four tens” > “forty (40)”.[1] The numeral's emergence is additionally hypothesized to have been influenced by Varangian dialectal *sork, after Old Norse serkr (“shirt; 200 skins”), a counting unit consisting of 5 timbers (1 timber = 40 skins).[2][3][4]
The numeral was previously considered of unknown origin; proposed theories included:
- Borrowed from Byzantine Greek σαράκοντα (sarákonta) until the 9th century, from Ancient Greek τεσσᾰρᾰ́κοντᾰ (tessărắkontă, “40”).[5] Doubtful for phonetic and semantic reasons.[3][6][4]
- From earlier *съркъ (*sŭrkŭ), borrowed from Turkic languages, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kïrk (“40”), by the dissimilation of *k–k > *s‒k.[6][4] Seems unlikely.[2]
Noun
[edit]сорокъ (sorokŭ) m
- unit of account equal to four tens
- bunch of 40 pelts (usually sable)
- church administrative district
Numeral
[edit]сорокъ (sorokŭ)
- forty (40)
- Synonym: четꙑредесѧте (četyredesęte)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ IESRJa Chernykh, vol. 2, page 188‒189: “со́рок”
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shaposhnikov, A. K. (2010), “сорок”, in Этимологический словарь современного русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Contemporary Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 2: (Начать – Я), Moscow: Flinta; Nauka, →ISBN, page 357
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Vasmer, Max (1972), “со́рок”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 3 (Муза – Сят), Moscow: Progress, page 722
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2008), “со́рак”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 12 (свабо́да – стэ́сам), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 251
- ^ Preobrazhensky, A. G. (1914–1916), “со́рокъ”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 2 (П – С), numbers 10–14, Moscow: G. Lissner & D. Sobko Publishing House, page 359
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “сорок”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova dumka, →ISBN, page 356
Further reading
[edit]- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “сорокъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments][1] (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 465
- Bogatova, G. A., editor (2002), “сорокъ¹; сорокъ²”, in Словарь русского языка XI–XVII вв. [Dictionary of the Russian Language: 11ᵗʰ–17ᵗʰ cc.] (in Russian), issue 26 (снуръ – спарывати), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 179
Old Ruthenian
[edit]| 400 | ||
| [a], [b] ← 30 | 40 | 50 → |
|---|---|---|
| 4 | ||
| Cardinal: сорокъ (sorok), чотыридесѧть (čotyridesjatʹ) Ordinal: сороковый (sorokovyj), чотыридесѧтый (čotyridesjatyj) | ||
Alternative forms
[edit]- со́рукъ (sóruk)
Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Old East Slavic сорокъ (sorokŭ).[1][2]
Numeral
[edit]со́рокъ • (sórok)
- forty (40)
Noun
[edit]сорокъ • (sorok) m inan
- bunch of 40 pelts
- group of 40 rural households
Descendants
[edit]- Belarusian: со́рак (sórak); со́рок (sórok) (dialectal)
- Carpathian Rusyn: со́рок (sórok)
- Ukrainian: со́рок (sórok)
- → Old Polish: sorok
- Polish: sorok (obsolete)
References
[edit]- ^ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “сорок”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova dumka, →ISBN, page 356
- ^ Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2008), “со́рак”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 12 (свабо́да – стэ́сам), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 251: “ст.-бел. сорокъ”
Further reading
[edit]- Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1978), “сорокъ”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Н – Ѳ), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 369
- Bulyka, A. M., editor (2012), “сорокъ I”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 32 (смыковати – струмень), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 94
- Bulyka, A. M., editor (2012), “сорокъ II”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 32 (смыковати – струмень), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 94
- Bulyka, A. M., editor (2012), “сорукъ”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 32 (смыковати – струмень), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 100
Categories:
- Old East Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old East Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old East Slavic terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Old East Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old East Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old East Slavic terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old East Slavic terms derived from Latin
- Old East Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *serḱ-
- Old East Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (cut)
- Old East Slavic lemmas
- Old East Slavic nouns
- Old East Slavic masculine nouns
- Old East Slavic numerals
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (cut)
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from Latin
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Ruthenian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Ruthenian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Old Ruthenian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *serḱ-
- Old Ruthenian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Old Ruthenian lemmas
- Old Ruthenian numerals
- Old Ruthenian nouns
- Old Ruthenian masculine nouns
- Old Ruthenian inanimate nouns