хат

Bashkir

Хат.

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic خَطَّ (ḵaṭṭa)

Arabic خَطّ (ḵaṭṭ)bor.

Classical Persian خَطّ (xatt)bor.

Bashkir хат

Borrowed from Classical Persian خَطّ (xatt), borrowed from Arabic خَطّ (ḵaṭṭ), from خَطَّ (ḵaṭṭa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /χɑt/
• Hyphenation: хат (one syllable)

Noun

хат • (xat)

1. letter (written message)

   Ғишыҡ хаты.

   Ğişıq xatı.

   A love letter.

   Рәхмәт хаты.

   Rəxmət xatı.

   Thank-you letter.

   Минән хат көт.

   Minən xat köt.

   Wait for a letter from me.

   Иҫтәлеккә тик өсмөйөшлө һалдат хаттары ғына ҡалды.

   İśtəlekkə tik ösmöyöşlö haldat xattarı ğına qaldı.

   Only the soldier's triangle letters (=wartime blue-envelope mail) have remained as a keepsake.

   Хаттың тышында адресын күреү менән атайымдың ҡулын таныным.

   Xattıñ tışında adresın kürew menən atayımdıñ qulın tanınım.

   As soon as I saw the address on the envelope of the letter, I recognized my father's handwriting.

   • (Can we date this quote?), Alpamysha (Bashkir folk epic):

     Алпамыша, ебәргән хатына яуап-хәбәр булмағас, бик ҡайғырған, ти.

     Alpamışa, yebərgən xatına yawap-xəbər bulmağas, bik qayğırğan, ti.

     Alpamysha was very sad as there was no reply to the letter he had sent.

Declension

Declension of хат

	singular	plural
absolute	хат (xat)	хаттар (xattar)
definite genitive	хаттың (xattıñ)	хаттарҙың (xattarźıñ)
dative	хатҡа (xatqa)	хаттарға (xattarğa)
definite accusative	хатты (xattı)	хаттарҙы (xattarźı)
locative	хатта (xatta)	хаттарҙа (xattarźa)
ablative	хаттан (xattan)	хаттарҙан (xattarźan)

Kazakh

Alternative scripts

Arabic	حات
Cyrillic	хат
Latin	xat

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic خَطَّ (ḵaṭṭa)

Arabic خَطّ (ḵaṭṭ)bor.

Classical Persian خَطّ (xatt)bor.

Kazakh хат

Borrowed from Classical Persian خَطّ (xatt), borrowed from Arabic خَطّ (ḵaṭṭ), from خَطَّ (ḵaṭṭa).

Noun

хат • (xat)

1. letter (written message)
2. literacy, reading and writing
   • 1915 October 8, “Мектеп қаржысы туралы”, in Қазақ [Qazaq]:

     Школдан шыққан балаларымыз орысша хат білсе де, қазақша хат білмейді.

     Şkoldan şyqqan balalarymyz orysşa xat bılse de, qazaqşa xat bılmeidı.

     Although our children who have graduated from schools know how to read and write in Russian, they can't read and write in Kazakh.

Declension

Declension of хат

	singular	plural
nominative	хат (xat)	хаттар (xattar)
genitive	хаттың (xattyñ)	хаттардың (xattardyñ)
dative	хатқа (xatqa)	хаттарға (xattarğa)
accusative	хатты (xatty)	хаттарды (xattardy)
locative	хатта (xatta)	хаттарда (xattarda)
ablative	хаттан (xattan)	хаттардан (xattardan)
instrumental	хатпен (xatpen)	хаттармен (xattarmen)
similative	хаттай (xattai)	хаттардай (xattardai)

Derived terms

• хаттама (xattama)
• хатшы (xatşy), хатшылық (xatşylyq)

Ket

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *pʰat (“surface, top”), derived from Proto-Yeniseian *pʰadʲ (“flat surface”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [haˑt˧]

Noun

хат (hāt) n (plural хаттаӈ)

1. top of one's head, crown, peak; surface

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Ketic *pʰaˤtʌ (“thick, dense”, adjective), in turn derived from Proto-Yeniseian *pʰadʲ (“flat surface; pressed close”) with the *-ʌŋ (adjectival suffix) appended, which makes it related to the etymology above.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [hat˥˩]

Adjective

хат (hàt)

1. thick, cramped, filled to the brim (said of a forest, crowd, or other objects packed close together)

Adverb

хат (hàt)

1. cramped, tightly, densely (said of a forest, crowd, or other objects packed close together)

Usage notes

• Central and Northern Ket varieties use хате (hàte) instead.

Further reading

• Werner, Heinrich (2002), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 304-305, 311
• Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 181

Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xat]

Noun

хат • (xat) f inan pl

1. genitive plural of ха́та (xáta)

Tuvan

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *Kad.

Noun

хат • (xat) (definite accusative хатты, plural хаттар)

1. wind

Synonyms

• салгын (salgın)

Yakut

Etymology 1

Unknown.

Adverb

хат • (qat)

1. again

   Synonym: эмиэ (emie)

   хат кэллэ ― qat kelle ― he came again / he returned

   хат-хат ыйытыма ― qat-qat ïyïtïma ― don't ask again

Derived terms

• хаттык (qattïk, “outerwear”)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic. Compare to Other turkic Kumyk къат (qat).

Adjective

хат • (qat)

1. pregnant (of humans)

Synonyms

of humans

• мэһэйдээх (meheydeeq) (dialectal)
• оһоҕостоох (ohoğostooq) (colloquial)
• ыарахан (ïaraqan) (colloquial)

of animals

• буос (buos)
• уулаах (uulaaq)

Etymology 3

From Proto-Turkic. Compare Mongolian хатах (xatax).

Verb

хат • (qat)

1. (intransitive) to dry out

   ардах түспэккэ, сир хатан хаалла

   ardaq tüspekke, sir qatan qaalla

   it hasn't rained (in a long time), so the earth has ended up drying out

   хам хат ― qam qat ― to completely dry out

2. (intransitive) to lose weight

   See synonyms at иин (iin).

   дэлби хатан хаалбыт ― delbi qatan qaalbït ― he ended up losing quite a lot of weight

3. (intransitive, colloquial) to wait a long time

   See synonyms at күүт (küüt).

Etymology 4

From Proto-Turkic *kat- (“to mix, add; tie to”).

Verb

хат • (qat)

1. (transitive) to (tie in a) knot

   Antonym: өһүл (öhül, “to untangle”)

   кыһыл кумаҕынан өтүү хатар

   kïhïl kumağïnan ötüü qatar

   from the red sand he knots a rope

   (said of an eloquent man, the "red sand" being a reference to the tongue)