хохол

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic *хохолъ (*xoxolŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ < *koxolъ. Compare Polish chochoł, Polish chachoł and Czech chochol.

The usage of хохол against Ukrainian people was derived from the оселе́дець (oselédecʹ), a traditional top-knot used by Ukrainian men. It acquired a derogatory connotation and is considered an ethnic slur as well as all the terms derived from it.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xɐˈxoɫ]

Noun

хохо́л • (xoxól) m inan or m anim (genitive хохла́, nominative plural хохлы́, genitive plural хохло́в, feminine хохлу́шка or хохля́чка, diminutive хохоло́к)

1. (inanimate) (birds) crest, (human hair) topknot, tuft of hair

   Synonyms: чуб (čub), чупрун (čuprun), вихо́р (vixór), оселе́дец (oselédec)

2. (animate, derogatory, ethnic slur, offensive) a Ukrainian, khokhol

   Synonyms: украи́нец (ukraínec), укр (ukr), укро́п (ukróp), салое́д (salojéd), малоро́сс (maloróss), малору́сс (malorúss)

Usage notes

• Originally the term was for Ukrainians, Belarusians and Zaporizhzhia Cossacks and also for simple people ("В князья не прыгал из хохлов..." A. Pushkin). The term was not always pejorative in Russia and is sometimes used by Ukrainians themselves in jest or ironically ("Українці мої! Дай вам Боже і щастя, і сил. Можна бути хохлом, і не згіркне від того хлібина..." V. Baranov (Ukrainian writer) - "My Ukrainians! May God give you both happiness and strength. You can be a khokhol, and bread will not turn sour from that ..."). There are proper names based on "хохол" - e.g. Хохол, Хохольский, Хохол-Тростянка, etc.

Declension

Declension of хохо́л (bian masc-form hard-stem accent-b reduc) 

	singular	plural
nominative	хохо́л xoxól	хохлы́ xoxlý
genitive	хохла́ xoxlá	хохло́в xoxlóv
dative	хохлу́ xoxlú	хохла́м xoxlám
accusative animate inanimate	хохла́ xoxlá	хохло́в xoxlóv
	хохо́л xoxól	хохлы́ xoxlý
instrumental	хохло́м xoxlóm	хохла́ми xoxlámi
prepositional	хохле́ xoxlé	хохла́х xoxláx

Synonyms

• (Ukrainian): украи́нец (ukraínec, noun) (neutral term), укр (ukr) (offensive), укро́п (ukróp, noun) (offensive, "dill"), салое́д (salojéd) (offensive, "lard-eater"), малоро́сс (maloróss), малору́сс (malorúss) (offensive, "little Russian")

Derived terms

• лохо́л (loxól) (slang, "a Ukrainian fool")
• хохлодро́чер (xoxlodróčer) (slang, "someone who supports Ukraine")
• хохлушка (xoxluška, noun) ("a Ukrainian woman")
• хохляцкий (xoxljackij, adjective) ("related to Ukraine")
• Хохляндия (Xoxljandija, noun) ("Ukraine")

Descendants

• → Armenian: խախոլ (xaxol)
• → Azerbaijani: xaxol
• → English: khokhol, hohol
• → Ingrian: hohla
• → Romanian: hahol (Moldova)

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xɔˈxɔɫ]

Noun

хохо́л • (xoxól) m pers (genitive хохла́, nominative plural хохли́, genitive plural хохлі́в, feminine хохлу́шка, relational adjective хохля́цький)

1. (derogatory, ethnic slur, offensive) a Ukrainian, khokhol

Declension

Declension of хохо́л (pers hard masc-form accent-b reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	хохо́л xoxól	хохли́ xoxlý
genitive	хохла́ xoxlá	хохлі́в xoxlív
dative	хохло́ві, хохлу́ xoxlóvi, xoxlú	хохла́м xoxlám
accusative	хохла́ xoxlá	хохлі́в xoxlív
instrumental	хохло́м xoxlóm	хохла́ми xoxlámy
locative	хохло́ві, хохлі́ xoxlóvi, xoxlí	хохла́х xoxláx
vocative	хо́хле xóxle	хохли́ xoxlý

Synonyms

• украї́нець (ukrajínecʹ) (neutral)

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “хохол”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka