целовѣке

Old Novgorodian

целовѣка (“two people”)

Alternative forms

• цоловѣке (cʹolověke)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čelověkъ. First attested in c. 1260‒1280.

Cognate with Old East Slavic человѣкъ (čelověkŭ), Old Church Slavonic чловѣкъ (člověkŭ), Old Polish człowiek.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: це‧ло‧вѣ‧ке

Noun

целовѣке • (cʹjelověke) m

1. man, human

   Synonym: мѫжь (mǫžĭ)

   • c. 1280‒1300, Kovalev, Roman K., transl., Берестяная грамота № 582 [Birchbark letter no. 582]‎^[2], Novgorod:

     цето еси прислале дова целовека те побегли а коне не ведаю г[д]ѣ поимавоши а тимонѧ меретве

     cʹjeto jesi prislale dova cʹjeloveka te pobegli a kone ne vedaju g[d]jě poimavoši a timonę meretve

     These two men, whom thou hast sent, fled, and I don't know where they've gotten horses. And Timonya is dead.

Declension

Declension of целовѣке (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	целовѣке cʹjelověke	целовѣка cʹjelověka	целовѣки cʹjelověki
genitive	целовѣка cʹjelověka	целовѣкоу cʹjelověku	целовѣкъ cʹjelověkŭ
dative	целовѣкоу cʹjelověku	целовѣкома cʹjelověkoma	целовѣкомъ cʹjelověkomŭ
accusative	целовѣкъ cʹjelověkŭ	целовѣка cʹjelověka	целовѣкѣ cʹjelověkě
instrumental	целовѣкъмь cʹjelověkŭmĭ	целовѣкома cʹjelověkoma	целовѣкꙑ cʹjelověky
locative	целовѣкѣ cʹjelověkě	целовѣкоу cʹjelověku	целовѣкѣхъ cʹjelověkěxŭ
vocative	целовѣке cʹjelověke	целовѣка cʹjelověka	целовѣкѣ cʹjelověkě

Related terms

nouns

• целꙗдь f (cʹjeljadĭ, “peasant”)

Further reading

• “целовѣке”, in Birchbark Letters Corpus, 2003–2026