шар

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sar"

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Old Church Slavonic шаръ (šarŭ), probably of Oghur origin, related to the adjective Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“bright, yellow”). Akin to the first element in the name of the Šaraghur tribe.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃa̟r]

Noun

шар • (šar) m

1. (obsolete, dialectal) spot, shade, tinge
2. (archaic) hue

   Synonyms: боя (boja), багра (bagra)

3. (abstract) pattern, texture

Usage notes

In the standard language, the diminutive form шарка (šarka) is more often used.

Declension

Declension of шар

	singular	plural
indefinite	шар šar	ша́рове šárove
definite (subject form)	ша́рът šárǎt	ша́ровете šárovete
definite (object form)	ша́ра šára
count form	—	ша́ра šára

Derived terms

• шарка (šarka, “stripe; smallpox”)
• шаря (šarja, “to variegate”)
  • шарен (šaren, “variegated”)

References

• “шар”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• шаръ in Исторически речник на българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"

Kalmyk

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *sïra, compare Buryat шара (šara).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃaˈrə/

Adjective

шар • (şar) (Clear script spelling ᠱᠠᠷᠠ (šara))

1. yellow

Kazakh

Alternative scripts
Arabic	شار
Cyrillic	шар
Latin	şar
Yañalif	car

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *čar (“whetstone, sickle , to whet”).

Cognate with Bashkir сар (sar), Karakalpak shar, Nogai шар (şar), Kumyk чар (çar, “whetstone, spool”), Kyrgyz чар (car, “whetstone”), Southern Altai чар (čar, “whetstone”), Tatar чар (çar, “whetstone, mill stone”), Shor шар, Tuvan шар (şar, “whetstone”), Yakut сардаҕа (sardağa), Dolgan сардаана (sardaana, “short heavy arrow with a broad head”), etc.

Noun

шар • (şar)

1. whetstone

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian шар (šar, “ball”).

Noun

шар • (şar)

1. (geometry) ball

Declension

declension of шар

	singular (жекеше)	plural (көпше)
nominative (атау септік)	шар (şar)	шарлар (şarlar)
genitive (ілік септік)	шардың (şardyñ)	шарлардың (şarlardyñ)
dative (барыс септік)	шарға (şarğa)	шарларға (şarlarğa)
accusative (табыс септік)	шарды (şardy)	шарларды (şarlardy)
locative (жатыс септік)	шарда (şarda)	шарларда (şarlarda)
ablative (шығыс септік)	шардан (şardan)	шарлардан (şarlardan)
instrumental (көмектес септік)	шармен (şarmen)	шарлармен (şarlarmen)

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šarъ. Doublet of шара (šara, “pattern, design”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃar]

Noun

шар • (šar) m (plural шари)

1. colorfulness
2. (rare) color

Mongolian

Pronunciation

• (Ulaanbaatar) IPA^(key): /ʃar/, [ʃar]

Etymology 1

1. From Proto-Mongolic *sïra, compare Buryat шара (šara), Dongxiang shira.
2. Akin to Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“yellow, white”), compare Turkish sarı (“yellow”), Chuvash шурӑ (šură, “white”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)
3. Doublet of шарга (šarga, “tawny”).

Adjective

шар • (šar)

1. yellow
2. heartburn

Derived terms

• шар айраг (šar ajrag, “beer”)
• шар лууван (šar luuvan, “carrot”)
• шар үс (šar üs, “vellus hair”)
• шар будаа (šar budaa, “millet”)

See also

Colors in Mongolian · өнгө (öngö) (layout · text)

цагаан (cagaan)	саарал (saaral)	хар (xar)
улаан (ulaan); хүрэн улаан (xüren ulaan)	улбар шар (ulbar šar); бор (bor), хүрэн (xüren)	шар (šar); хул (xul), цайвар шар (cajvar šar)
цайвар ногоон (cajvar nogoon)	ногоон (nogoon)
цэнхэр (cenxer); номин ногоон (nomin nogoon)	номин (nomin)	хөх (xöx)
нил (nil); индиго (indigo)	улаан ягаан (ulaan jagaan); час улаан (čas ulaan)	ягаан (jagaan)

Etymology 2

Noun

шар • (šar)

1. ox

See also

• үхэр (üxer)

Russian

Alternative forms

• шаръ (šar) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Etymology

Unclear. Perhaps related (although Vasmer found it unconvincing) to Old Church Slavonic шаръ (šarŭ, “color, paint”), Old Church Slavonic шарити (šariti, “to paint”), Old Church Slavonic шаръчи (šarŭči, “painter”), which probably derive from an early Turkic borrowing into Slavic; cf. Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“yellow, white”). In that case, the sense development might have been “color, paint” → “spot” → “round object”.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʂar]

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ar

Noun

шар • (šar) m inan (genitive ша́ра, nominative plural шары́, genitive plural шаро́в, relational adjective шарово́й, diminutive ша́рик)

1. ball, solid sphere
2. (mathematics) ball (the set of points lying within a given distance from a given point)
3. balloon

Usage notes

• After the numbers 2, 3 and 4, and related higher numbers, the stress in the genitive singular falls on the final syllable: два́дцать два́ шара́ (dvádcatʹ dvá šará, “twenty-two balls/balloons”). In the mathematical sense, however, ша́ра is used even when counting: три ша́ра (tri šára, “three (mathematical) balls”).

Declension

Declension of шар (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-c) 

	singular	plural
nominative	ша́р šár	шары́ šarý
genitive	ша́ра šára	шаро́в šaróv
dative	ша́ру šáru	шара́м šarám
accusative	ша́р šár	шары́ šarý
instrumental	ша́ром šárom	шара́ми šarámi
prepositional	ша́ре šáre	шара́х šaráx
locative	шару́ šarú
paucal	шара́†* šará†*

^* Used with the numbers 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.
^† Not in the mathematical sense.

Derived terms

• возду́шный ша́р (vozdúšnyj šár, “balloon”)
• земно́й шар (zemnój šar, “Earth (seen as a globe)”)
• сне́жный ша́р (snéžnyj šár, “snow globe”)

Related terms

• шаровидный (šarovidnyj), шарообразный (šaroobraznyj), ша́риковый (šárikovyj)
• ша́рить (šáritʹ)

Descendants

• → Ingrian: šaara
• → Kazakh: шар (şar)
• → Yakut: шар (shar)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “шар”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian шар (šar).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃâːr/

Noun

ша̑р m (Latin spelling šȃr)

1. Earth, globe (spherical model of Earth)
2. firmament, welkin
3. natural beauty

Tabasaran

Noun

шар • (šar)

1. water

Synonyms

• шид (šid)

References

• Talibov, B. B. (1980) Сравнительная фонетика лезгинских языков [Comparative phonetics of Lezghian languages]‎^[1] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 172

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃar]

• Audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

Uncertain. Possibly borrowed from Russian шар (šar, “ball”) with a subsequent shift in meaning.

Noun

шар • (šar) m inan (genitive ша́ру, nominative plural ша́ри, genitive plural ша́рів)

1. layer

   снігови́й шар ― snihovýj šar ― layer of snow

2. stratum
3. annual ring of a tree

Declension

Declension of шар (inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	шар šar	ша́ри šáry
genitive	ша́ру šáru	ша́рів šáriv
dative	ша́рові, ша́ру šárovi, šáru	ша́рам šáram
accusative	шар šar	ша́ри šáry
instrumental	ша́ром šárom	ша́рами šáramy
locative	ша́рі šári	ша́рах šárax
vocative	ша́ре šáre	ша́ри šáry

Derived terms

• багатошаро́вий (bahatošaróvyj)
• двошаро́вий (dvošaróvyj)
• п'ятишаро́вий (pʺjatyšaróvyj)
• тришаро́вий (tryšaróvyj)
• чотиришаро́вий (čotyryšaróvyj)
• шарува́тий (šaruvátyj)

 

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

шар • (šar)

1. second-person singular imperative of ша́рити impf (šáryty)

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1980), “шар”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 11 (Х – Ь), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 409
• “шар”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)

Further reading

• A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “шар”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
• A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “шар”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
• “шар”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
• “шар”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)

Yakut

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian шар (šar).

Noun

шар • (shar)

1. ball (sphere)

Derived terms

• сир шара (sir shara, “globe”)
• салгын шара (salgın shara, “balloon”)

See also

• шарик (sharik, “balloon”)