חטא

Aramaic

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): /ħɛtˤeʔ/

Noun

חטא • (transliteration needed) f pl (singular חטתא)

1. wheat

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): /ħtˤɑʔ/

Verb

חטא • (transliteration needed)

1. to sin

Hebrew

Etymology 1

Root
ח־ט־א (kh-ṭ-ʾ)
6 terms

Cognate to Arabic خَطِئَ (ḵaṭiʔa, “to err, to sin”), Ugaritic 𐎃𐎉𐎀 (ḫṭả, “to sin”).

Verb

חָטָא • (khatá) (pa'al construction)

1. to sin

Conjugation

Conjugation of חָטָא (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)

non-finite forms		to-infinitive		לחטוא / לַחֲטֹא
		action noun		—
		passive participle		—
finite forms		singular		plural
		m	f	m	f
past	first	חָטָאתִי		חָטָאנוּ
	second	חָטָאתָ	חָטָאת	חֲטָאתֶם1	חֲטָאתֶן1
	third	חָטָא	חָטְאָה	חָטְאוּ
present		חוֹטֵא	חוֹטֵאת	חוֹטְאִים	חוֹטְאוֹת
future	first	אֶחֱטָא		נֶחֱטָא
	second	תֶּחֱטָא	תֶּחֶטְאִי	תֶּחֶטְאוּ	תֶּחֱטֶאנָה2
	third	יֶחֱטָא	תֶּחֱטָא	יֶחֶטְאוּ	תֶּחֱטֶאנָה2
imperative	positive	חֲטָא	חִטְאִי	חִטְאוּ	חֲטֶאנָה2
	negative	אַל + Second person future tense

¹ Commonly pronounced חָטָאתֶם and חָטָאתֶן in Modern Hebrew (by analogy with other past forms).
² Rare in Modern Hebrew.

or

Conjugation of חָטָא (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)

non-finite forms		to-infinitive		לחטוא / לַחְטֹא
		action noun		—
		passive participle		—
finite forms		singular		plural
		m	f	m	f
past	first	חָטָאתִי		חָטָאנוּ
	second	חָטָאתָ	חָטָאת	חֲטָאתֶם1	חֲטָאתֶן1
	third	חָטָא	חָטְאָה	חָטְאוּ
present		חוֹטֵא	חוֹטֵאת	חוֹטְאִים	חוֹטְאוֹת
future	first	אֶחְטָא		נֶחְטָא
	second	תֶּחְטָא	תֶּחְטְאִי	תֶּחְטְאוּ	תֶּחְטֶאנָה2
	third	יֶחְטָא	תֶּחְטָא	יֶחְטְאוּ	תֶּחְטֶאנָה2
imperative	positive	חֲטָא	חִטְאִי	חִטְאוּ	חֲטֶאנָה2
	negative	אַל + Second person future tense

¹ Commonly pronounced חָטָאתֶם and חָטָאתֶן in Modern Hebrew (by analogy with other past forms).
² Rare in Modern Hebrew.

References

• H2398 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

Noun

חֵטְא • (khet) m (plural indefinite חֲטָאִים, singular construct חֵטְא־, plural construct חֲטָאֵי־)

1. sin
   • a. 217 C.E., Mishnah. Avot, section 3.9:

     רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶן דּוֹסָא אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁיִּרְאַת חֶטְאוֹ קוֹדֶמֶת לְחׇכְמָתוֹ, חׇכְמָתוֹ מִתְקַיֶּמֶת. וְכָל שֶׁחׇכְמָתוֹ קוֹדֶמֶת לְיִרְאַת חֶטְאוֹ, אֵין חׇכְמָתוֹ מִתְקַיֶּמֶת.

     Rabbi Chanina son of Dosa says: Anyone whose fear of sin precedes his wisdom, his wisdom endures. And anyone whose wisdom precedes his fear of sin, his wisdom does not endure.

   • Tanach, Lamentations 4:6, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     וַיִּגְדַּל עֲוֺן בַּת־עַמִּי מֵחַטַּאת סְדֹם הַהֲפוּכָה כְמוֹ־רָגַע וְלֹא־חָלוּ בָהּ יָדָיִם׃

     vayigdál avón bat amí mekhatá'at s'dóm, hahafukhá kh'mo-rága v'lo khálu vah yadáyim.

     For the iniquity of the daughter of my people is greater than the sin of Sodom, that was overthrown as in a moment, and no hands fell upon her.

2. (law) misdemeanor, petty crime
3. (Jewish law) an unintentional sin, done unknowingly

Declension

Declension of חֵטְא

	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
Number:	State:	form	Person:	singular		plural
				m	f	m	f
singular	indefinite	חֵטְא	first	חֶטְאִי		חֶטְאֵנוּ
	definite	הַחֵטְא	second	חֶטְאֲךָ	חֶטְאֵךְ	חֶטְאֲכֶם	חֶטְאֲכֶן
	construct	חֵטְא־	third	חֶטְאוֹ	חֶטְאָהּ	חֶטְאָם	חֶטְאָן
plural	indefinite	חֲטָאִים	first	חטאיי / חֲטָאַי		חֲטָאֵינוּ
	definite	הַחֲטָאִים	second	חֲטָאֶיךָ	חטאייך / חֲטָאַיִךְ	חֲטָאֵיכֶם	חֲטָאֵיכֶן
	construct	חֲטָאֵי־	third	חֲטָאָיו	חֲטָאֶיהָ	חֲטָאֵיהֶם	חֲטָאֵיהֶן

Noun

חַטָּא • (khatá) m (plural indefinite חַטָּאִים) [pattern: קַטָּל]

1. sinner; one who transgresses or has transgressed.
   • Tanach, Psalms 1:1, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     אַשְׁרֵי הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא הָלַךְ בַּעֲצַת רְשָׁעִים וּבְדֶרֶךְ חַטָּאִים לֹא עָמָד וּבְמוֹשַׁב לֵצִים לֹא יָשָׁב׃

     Happy is the man that hath not walked in the counsel of the wicked, nor stood in the way of sinners, nor sat in the seat of the scornful.

References

• H2400 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

References

• H2399 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

Etymology 2

Verb

חִטֵּא • (khité) (pi'el construction)

1. defective spelling of חיטא

Yiddish

Etymology

Borrowed from Hebrew חֵטְא (chet, “sin”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈχɛt/

Noun

חטא • (khet) m, plural חטאים (khatoim)

1. sin
   • 1967, Chaim Grade, צמח אַטלאַס [Tsemakh Atlas], volume 1, page 296:

     ער האָט געטראַכט פון איר אָן אויפהער, כאָטש ער האָט געוואוסט אַז איצט איז דער חטא אָן אַן ערך האַרבער ווי בעת ער האָט געטראַכט וועגן טשאַרנע ר׳ הירשע גאָרדאָנס; איצט זינדיקט ער אין דער מחשבה מיט אַן אשת־איש.

     er hot getrakht fun ir on oyfher, khotsh er hot gevust az itst iz der khet on an erekh harber vi beys er hot getrakht vegn tsharne r' hirshe gordons; itst zindikt er in der makhshove mit an eyshes-ish.

     He thought about her constantly, even though he knew that the sin was now much worse than when he was thinking of Tsharne, Reb Hirshe Gordon's daughter; now he was sinning in his thoughts with a married woman.

Derived terms

• חטאת (khatas)
• על־חטא (al-khet)

Related terms

• חוטא (khoyte)
• חוטאן (khoyten)

References

• Justus van de Kamp et al., “חטא” in Jiddisch-Nederlands Woordenboek [Yiddish-Dutch Dictionary], Amsterdam: Stichting Jiddische Lexicografie, 1987-present (ongoing). [1].