נרדם

Hebrew

Root
ר־ד־ם (r-d-m)
3 terms

Pronunciation

• (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /niʁˈdam/

Verb

נִרְדַּם • (nirdám) (nif'al construction)

1. (Biblical Hebrew) to sleep deeply, fall into a deep sleep
   • Tanach, Judges 4:21, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     וַתִּקַּח יָעֵל אֵשֶׁת־חֶבֶר אֶת־יְתַד הָאֹהֶל וַתָּשֶׂם אֶת־הַמַּקֶּבֶת בְּיָדָהּ וַתָּבוֹא אֵלָיו בַּלָּאט וַתִּתְקַע אֶת־הַיָּתֵד בְּרַקָּתוֹ וַתִּצְנַח בָּאָרֶץ וְהוּא־נִרְדָּם וַיָּעַף וַיָּמֹת׃

     Then Jael Heber’s wife took a tent-pin, and took a hammer in her hand, and went softly unto him, and smote the pin into his temples, and it pierced through into the ground; for he was in a deep sleep; so he swooned and died.

   • Tanach, Jonah 1:5, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     וַיִּירְאוּ הַמַּלָּחִים וַיִּזְעֲקוּ אִישׁ אֶל־אֱלֹהָיו וַיָּטִלוּ אֶת־הַכֵּלִים אֲשֶׁר בָּאֳנִיָּה אֶל־הַיָּם לְהָקֵל מֵעֲלֵיהֶם וְיוֹנָה יָרַד אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵי הַסְּפִינָה וַיִּשְׁכַּב וַיֵּרָדַם׃

     And the mariners were afraid, and cried every man unto his god; and they cast forth the wares that were in the ship into the sea, to lighten it unto them. But Jonah was gone down into the innermost parts of the ship; and he lay, and was fast asleep.

2. (Modern Israeli Hebrew) to fall asleep

Conjugation

Conjugation of נִרְדַּם (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)

non-finite forms		to-infinitive		להירדם / לְהֵרָדֵם
		action noun		הירדמות / הֵרָדְמוּת
finite forms		singular		plural
		m	f	m	f
past	first	נִרְדַּמְתִּי		נִרְדַּמְנוּ
	second	נִרְדַּמְתָּ	נִרְדַּמְתְּ	נִרְדַּמְתֶּם	נִרְדַּמְתֶּן
	third	נִרְדַּם	נִרְדְּמָה	נִרְדְּמוּ
present		נִרְדָּם	נִרְדֶּמֶת	נִרְדָּמִים	נִרְדָּמוֹת
future	first	אֶרָדֵם		נירדם / נֵרָדֵם
	second	תירדם / תֵּרָדֵם	תירדמי / תֵּרָדְמִי	תירדמו / תֵּרָדְמוּ	תירדמנה / תֵּרָדֵמְנָה1
	third	יירדם / יֵרָדֵם	תירדם / תֵּרָדֵם	יירדמו / יֵרָדְמוּ	תירדמנה / תֵּרָדֵמְנָה1
imperative	positive	הירדם / הֵרָדֵם	הירדמי / הֵרָדְמִי	הירדמו / הֵרָדְמוּ	הירדמנה / הֵרָדֵמְנָה1
	negative	אַל + Second person future tense

¹ Rare in Modern Hebrew.

Derived terms

• תַּרְדֵּמָה (tardemá, “deep sleep, hibernation”)

References

• H7290 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Klein, Ernest (1987), “רָדַם”, in A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English‎^[1], Jerusalem: Carta, →ISBN, page 608b
• Jastrow, Marcus (1903), A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature‎^[2], London, New York: Luzac & Co., G.P. Putnam's Sons, page 1453a
• “נרדם” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language