أرز

See also: ارز‎ and أزر‎

Arabic

أَرْز – Cedrus libani subsp. libani

Etymology 1

The tree is native to the region north of Israel and Judea. Borrowed into Arabic and Ge'ez አርዝ (ʾärz) and before the pertinent vowel change into Hebrew אֶרֶז‎ (ʾérez, “cedar”) from Aramaic אַרְזָא‎ / ܐܪܙܐ‎ (ʾarzā, “cedar”), also found in Ugaritic 𐎀𐎗𐎇 (ảrz, “cedar”), continuing Akkadian 𒄑𒂞 (^GIŠERIN /erēnu, erinnu/) from Sumerian 𒄑𒂞 (^GIŠERIN /eren/), which also passed into Hittite 𒄑𒂞 (^GIŠERIN /herin(a)-/, “cedar”) and also Hurrian 𒄑𒂊𒊑𒅎𒁉 (^GIŠe-ri-im-bi /erimbi/), 𒄑𒂊𒊑𒁉 (^GIŠe-ri-bi /eribi/, “cedar”) and thence back into a Hittite alternative form. While Rabin argues for a Hittite origin of the word, the form ʾarz recalls Proto-Iranian *hampr̥sā (“juniper”), which is not remote in meaning – Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros) also means both cedar and juniper.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔarz/

Noun

أَرْز • (ʾarz) m (collective, singulative أَرْزَة‎ f (ʾarza))

1. cedar (Cedrus gen. et spp.)
   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام‎ [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām], José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة‎ [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 7, Art. 22, page 287:

     ‏وأما غراسة الأرز وهو الذي يسمى السرول
     قال هو نوعان أحدهما يشبه الطرفاء والآخر يشبه العرعر‎

     About the planting of the cedar which is called cypress
     there are two kinds, one resembles the tamarisk and the other resembles the juniper.

   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام‎ [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām], José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة‎ [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 34, Art. 6, pages 721–722:

     ‏وقال غيره يتخذ لها الخلايا من خشب الأرز ومن طين طيب الريح وتطين الخلايا من خارجها برماد وأخثاء البقر مدقوق معجون بالماء ويتخذ لها بعض الناس الخلايا من قشور الشبر وتسميه العامة «جناحا»‎‎

     And another author said that for beehives cedar wood and clay of good smell is taken and the beehives are daubed from the outside with ash and cow dung powdered and kneaded with water, and some people take for beehives the barks of the cork oak, generally called “wings”.

Declension

Declension of noun أَرْز (ʾarz)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَرْز ʾarz	الْأَرْز‎ al-ʾarz	أَرْز ʾarz
Nominative	أَرْزٌ ʾarzun	الْأَرْزُ‎ al-ʾarzu	أَرْزُ ʾarzu
Accusative	أَرْزًا‎ ʾarzan	الْأَرْزَ‎ al-ʾarza	أَرْزَ ʾarza
Genitive	أَرْزٍ ʾarzin	الْأَرْزِ‎ al-ʾarzi	أَرْزِ ʾarzi
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَرْزَة‎ ʾarza	الْأَرْزَة‎ al-ʾarza	أَرْزَة‎ ʾarzat
Nominative	أَرْزَةٌ‎ ʾarzatun	الْأَرْزَةُ‎ al-ʾarzatu	أَرْزَةُ‎ ʾarzatu
Accusative	أَرْزَةً‎ ʾarzatan	الْأَرْزَةَ‎ al-ʾarzata	أَرْزَةَ‎ ʾarzata
Genitive	أَرْزَةٍ‎ ʾarzatin	الْأَرْزَةِ‎ al-ʾarzati	أَرْزَةِ‎ ʾarzati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَرْزَتَيْن‎ ʾarzatayn	الْأَرْزَتَيْن‎ al-ʾarzatayn	أَرْزَتَيْ‎ ʾarzatay
Nominative	أَرْزَتَانِ‎ ʾarzatāni	الْأَرْزَتَانِ‎ al-ʾarzatāni	أَرْزَتَا‎ ʾarzatā
Accusative	أَرْزَتَيْنِ‎ ʾarzatayni	الْأَرْزَتَيْنِ‎ al-ʾarzatayni	أَرْزَتَيْ‎ ʾarzatay
Genitive	أَرْزَتَيْنِ‎ ʾarzatayni	الْأَرْزَتَيْنِ‎ al-ʾarzatayni	أَرْزَتَيْ‎ ʾarzatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَرْزَات‎ ʾarzāt	الْأَرْزَات‎ al-ʾarzāt	أَرْزَات‎ ʾarzāt
Nominative	أَرْزَاتٌ‎ ʾarzātun	الْأَرْزَاتُ‎ al-ʾarzātu	أَرْزَاتُ‎ ʾarzātu
Accusative	أَرْزَاتٍ‎ ʾarzātin	الْأَرْزَاتِ‎ al-ʾarzāti	أَرْزَاتِ‎ ʾarzāti
Genitive	أَرْزَاتٍ‎ ʾarzātin	الْأَرْزَاتِ‎ al-ʾarzāti	أَرْزَاتِ‎ ʾarzāti

أَرُزّ

أَرُزّ

Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek ὄρυζα (óruza).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔa.ruzz/ and IPA^(key): /ʔu.ruzz/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

أَرُزّ or أُرُزّ • (ʾaruzz or ʾuruzz) m

1. (uncountable) rice

Declension

Declension of noun أَرُزّ (ʾaruzz)‎; أُرُزّ (ʾuruzz)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَرُزّ‎; أُرُزّ ʾaruzz‎; ʾuruzz	الْأَرُزّ‎‎; الْأُرُزّ‎ al-ʾaruzz‎; al-ʾuruzz	أَرُزّ‎; أُرُزّ ʾaruzz‎; ʾuruzz
Nominative	أَرُزٌّ‎; أُرُزٌّ ʾaruzzun‎; ʾuruzzun	الْأَرُزُّ‎‎; الْأُرُزُّ‎ al-ʾaruzzu‎; al-ʾuruzzu	أَرُزُّ‎; أُرُزُّ ʾaruzzu‎; ʾuruzzu
Accusative	أَرُزًّا‎‎; أُرُزًّا‎ ʾaruzzan‎; ʾuruzzan	الْأَرُزَّ‎‎; الْأُرُزَّ‎ al-ʾaruzza‎; al-ʾuruzza	أَرُزَّ‎; أُرُزَّ ʾaruzza‎; ʾuruzza
Genitive	أَرُزٍّ‎; أُرُزٍّ ʾaruzzin‎; ʾuruzzin	الْأَرُزِّ‎‎; الْأُرُزِّ‎ al-ʾaruzzi‎; al-ʾuruzzi	أَرُزِّ‎; أُرُزِّ ʾaruzzi‎; ʾuruzzi

Synonyms

• رُزّ‎ (ruzz)

Descendants

• → Ottoman Turkish: ارز‎ (ürüz, erz)

Etymology 3

Of onomatopoeic origin from a ringing telephone. At its time one also employed إِرْزِيز‎ (ʾirzīz) for the new device of a telephone.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔa.raz.za/

Verb

أَرَزَّ • (ʾarazza) IV, non-past يُرِزُّ‎‎ (yurizzu) (obsolete)

1. to telephone, to ring up

Conjugation

Conjugation of

أَرَزَّ

(form-IV geminate)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						إِرْزَاز‎ ʾirzāz
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُرِزّ‎ murizz
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُرَزّ‎ murazz
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أَرْزَزْتُ‎ ʾarzaztu	أَرْزَزْتَ‎ ʾarzazta	أَرَزَّ ʾarazza		أَرْزَزْتُمَا‎ ʾarzaztumā	أَرَزَّا‎ ʾarazzā		أَرْزَزْنَا‎ ʾarzaznā	أَرْزَزْتُمْ‎ ʾarzaztum	أَرَزُّوا‎ ʾarazzū
	f		أَرْزَزْتِ‎ ʾarzazti	أَرَزَّتْ‎ ʾarazzat			أَرَزَّتَا‎ ʾarazzatā			أَرْزَزْتُنَّ‎ ʾarzaztunna	أَرْزَزْنَ‎ ʾarzazna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُرِزُّ ʾurizzu	تُرِزُّ‎ turizzu	يُرِزُّ‎ yurizzu		تُرِزَّانِ‎ turizzāni	يُرِزَّانِ‎ yurizzāni		نُرِزُّ‎ nurizzu	تُرِزُّونَ‎ turizzūna	يُرِزُّونَ‎ yurizzūna
	f		تُرِزِّينَ‎ turizzīna	تُرِزُّ‎ turizzu			تُرِزَّانِ‎ turizzāni			تُرْزِزْنَ‎ turzizna	يُرْزِزْنَ‎ yurzizna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُرِزَّ ʾurizza	تُرِزَّ‎ turizza	يُرِزَّ‎ yurizza		تُرِزَّا‎ turizzā	يُرِزَّا‎ yurizzā		نُرِزَّ‎ nurizza	تُرِزُّوا‎ turizzū	يُرِزُّوا‎ yurizzū
	f		تُرِزِّي‎ turizzī	تُرِزَّ‎ turizza			تُرِزَّا‎ turizzā			تُرْزِزْنَ‎ turzizna	يُرْزِزْنَ‎ yurzizna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُرِزَّ or أُرِزِّ or أُرْزِزْ‎ ʾurizza or ʾurizzi or ʾurziz	تُرِزَّ‎ or تُرِزِّ‎ or تُرْزِزْ‎ turizza or turizzi or turziz	يُرِزَّ‎ or يُرِزِّ‎ or يُرْزِزْ‎ yurizza or yurizzi or yurziz		تُرِزَّا‎ turizzā	يُرِزَّا‎ yurizzā		نُرِزَّ‎ or نُرِزِّ‎ or نُرْزِزْ‎ nurizza or nurizzi or nurziz	تُرِزُّوا‎ turizzū	يُرِزُّوا‎ yurizzū
	f		تُرِزِّي‎ turizzī	تُرِزَّ‎ or تُرِزِّ‎ or تُرْزِزْ‎ turizza or turizzi or turziz			تُرِزَّا‎ turizzā			تُرْزِزْنَ‎ turzizna	يُرْزِزْنَ‎ yurzizna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		أَرِزَّ or أَرِزِّ or أَرْزِزْ‎ ʾarizza or ʾarizzi or ʾarziz			أَرِزَّا‎ ʾarizzā				أَرِزُّوا‎ ʾarizzū
	f		أَرِزِّي‎ ʾarizzī							أَرْزِزْنَ‎ ʾarzizna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أُرْزِزْتُ‎ ʾurziztu	أُرْزِزْتَ‎ ʾurzizta	أُرِزَّ ʾurizza		أُرْزِزْتُمَا‎ ʾurziztumā	أُرِزَّا‎ ʾurizzā		أُرْزِزْنَا‎ ʾurziznā	أُرْزِزْتُمْ‎ ʾurziztum	أُرِزُّوا‎ ʾurizzū
	f		أُرْزِزْتِ‎ ʾurzizti	أُرِزَّتْ‎ ʾurizzat			أُرِزَّتَا‎ ʾurizzatā			أُرْزِزْتُنَّ‎ ʾurziztunna	أُرْزِزْنَ‎ ʾurzizna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُرَزُّ ʾurazzu	تُرَزُّ‎ turazzu	يُرَزُّ‎ yurazzu		تُرَزَّانِ‎ turazzāni	يُرَزَّانِ‎ yurazzāni		نُرَزُّ‎ nurazzu	تُرَزُّونَ‎ turazzūna	يُرَزُّونَ‎ yurazzūna
	f		تُرَزِّينَ‎ turazzīna	تُرَزُّ‎ turazzu			تُرَزَّانِ‎ turazzāni			تُرْزَزْنَ‎ turzazna	يُرْزَزْنَ‎ yurzazna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُرَزَّ ʾurazza	تُرَزَّ‎ turazza	يُرَزَّ‎ yurazza		تُرَزَّا‎ turazzā	يُرَزَّا‎ yurazzā		نُرَزَّ‎ nurazza	تُرَزُّوا‎ turazzū	يُرَزُّوا‎ yurazzū
	f		تُرَزِّي‎ turazzī	تُرَزَّ‎ turazza			تُرَزَّا‎ turazzā			تُرْزَزْنَ‎ turzazna	يُرْزَزْنَ‎ yurzazna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُرَزَّ or أُرَزِّ or أُرْزَزْ‎ ʾurazza or ʾurazzi or ʾurzaz	تُرَزَّ‎ or تُرَزِّ‎ or تُرْزَزْ‎ turazza or turazzi or turzaz	يُرَزَّ‎ or يُرَزِّ‎ or يُرْزَزْ‎ yurazza or yurazzi or yurzaz		تُرَزَّا‎ turazzā	يُرَزَّا‎ yurazzā		نُرَزَّ‎ or نُرَزِّ‎ or نُرْزَزْ‎ nurazza or nurazzi or nurzaz	تُرَزُّوا‎ turazzū	يُرَزُّوا‎ yurazzū
	f		تُرَزِّي‎ turazzī	تُرَزَّ‎ or تُرَزِّ‎ or تُرْزَزْ‎ turazza or turazzi or turzaz			تُرَزَّا‎ turazzā			تُرْزَزْنَ‎ turzazna	يُرْزَزْنَ‎ yurzazna

Etymology 4

Verb

أَرُزُّ • (ʾaruzzu) (form I)

1. first-person singular non-past active indicative of رَزَّ‎ (razza)

Verb

أَرُزَّ • (ʾaruzza) (form I)

1. first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of رَزَّ‎ (razza)
2. first-person singular non-past active jussive of رَزَّ‎ (razza)

Verb

أَرُزِّ • (ʾaruzzi) (form I)

1. first-person singular non-past active jussive of رَزَّ‎ (razza)

Verb

أُرَزُّ • (ʾurazzu) (form I)

1. first-person singular non-past passive indicative of رَزَّ‎ (razza)

Verb

أُرَزَّ • (ʾurazza) (form I)

1. first-person singular non-past passive subjunctive of رَزَّ‎ (razza)
2. first-person singular non-past passive jussive of رَزَّ‎ (razza)

Verb

أُرَزِّ • (ʾurazzi) (form I)

1. first-person singular non-past passive jussive of رَزَّ‎ (razza)

References

• Löw, Immanuel (1924–1934) Die Flora der Juden‎^[1] (in German), Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 17–26
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[2] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 43, noting it is rare in pre-classical Arabic and Arabic savants struggle to define it as they do not know the tree.
• Puhvel, Jaan (1984–) Hittite Etymological Dictionary (Trends in linguistics. Documentation), volume 3, page 301
• Rabin, Chaim (1965), “Millīm ḥittiyōṯ bəʿiḇrīṯ”, in Sefer Segal (in Hebrew), Jerusalem: Kiryat Sefer, page 164–165 of 151–179 according to Leslau, Wolf (1991), “አርዝ”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 41a
• Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2004), “A Botanical Snapshot of Ugaritic”, in Aula Orientalis‎^[3], volume 22, issue 1, Barcelona, page 113
• “eren [CEDAR]”, in The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary, University of Pennsylvania, 2006