أرز
Arabic[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
The tree is native to the region north of Israel and Judea. Borrowed into Arabic and Ge'ez አርዝ (ʾärz) and before the pertinent vowel change into Hebrew אֶרֶז (ʾérez, “cedar”) from Aramaic אַרְזָא / ܐܪܙܐ (ʾarzā, “cedar”), also found in Ugaritic 𐎀𐎗𐎇 (ảrz, “cedar”), continuing Akkadian 𒄑𒂞 (GIŠERIN /erēnu, erinnu/) from Sumerian 𒄑𒂞 (GIŠERIN /eren/), which also passed into Hittite 𒄑𒂞 (GIŠERIN /herin(a)-/, “cedar”) and also Hurrian 𒄑𒂊𒊑𒅎𒁉 (GIŠe-ri-im-bi /erimbi/), 𒄑𒂊𒊑𒁉 (GIŠe-ri-bi /eribi/, “cedar”) and thence back into a Hittite alternative form. While Rabin argues for a Hittite origin of the word, the form ʾarz recalls Proto-Iranian *hampr̥sā (“juniper”), which is not remote in meaning – Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros) also means both cedar and juniper.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
أَرْز • (ʾarz) m (collective, singulative أَرْزَة f (ʾarza))
- cedar (Cedrus gen. et spp.)
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām], José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 7, Art. 22, page 287:
- وأما غراسة الأرز وهو الذي يسمى السرول
قال هو نوعان أحدهما يشبه الطرفاء والآخر يشبه العرعر- About the planting of the cedar which is called cypress
there are two kinds, one resembles the tamarisk and the other resembles the juniper.
- About the planting of the cedar which is called cypress
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām], José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 34, Art. 6, pages 721–722:
- وقال غيره يتخذ لها الخلايا من خشب الأرز ومن طين طيب الريح وتطين الخلايا من خارجها برماد وأخثاء البقر مدقوق معجون بالماء ويتخذ لها بعض الناس الخلايا من قشور الشبر وتسميه العامة «جناحا»
- And another author said that for beehives cedar wood and clay of good smell is taken and the beehives are daubed from the outside with ash and cow dung powdered and kneaded with water, and some people take for beehives the barks of the cork oak, generally called “wings”.
Declension[edit]
Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَرْز ʾarz |
الْأَرْز al-ʾarz |
أَرْز ʾarz |
Nominative | أَرْزٌ ʾarzun |
الْأَرْزُ al-ʾarzu |
أَرْزُ ʾarzu |
Accusative | أَرْزًا ʾarzan |
الْأَرْزَ al-ʾarza |
أَرْزَ ʾarza |
Genitive | أَرْزٍ ʾarzin |
الْأَرْزِ al-ʾarzi |
أَرْزِ ʾarzi |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَرْزَة ʾarza |
الْأَرْزَة al-ʾarza |
أَرْزَة ʾarzat |
Nominative | أَرْزَةٌ ʾarzatun |
الْأَرْزَةُ al-ʾarzatu |
أَرْزَةُ ʾarzatu |
Accusative | أَرْزَةً ʾarzatan |
الْأَرْزَةَ al-ʾarzata |
أَرْزَةَ ʾarzata |
Genitive | أَرْزَةٍ ʾarzatin |
الْأَرْزَةِ al-ʾarzati |
أَرْزَةِ ʾarzati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | أَرْزَتَيْن ʾarzatayn |
الْأَرْزَتَيْن al-ʾarzatayn |
أَرْزَتَيْ ʾarzatay |
Nominative | أَرْزَتَانِ ʾarzatāni |
الْأَرْزَتَانِ al-ʾarzatāni |
أَرْزَتَا ʾarzatā |
Accusative | أَرْزَتَيْنِ ʾarzatayni |
الْأَرْزَتَيْنِ al-ʾarzatayni |
أَرْزَتَيْ ʾarzatay |
Genitive | أَرْزَتَيْنِ ʾarzatayni |
الْأَرْزَتَيْنِ al-ʾarzatayni |
أَرْزَتَيْ ʾarzatay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَرْزَات ʾarzāt |
الْأَرْزَات al-ʾarzāt |
أَرْزَات ʾarzāt |
Nominative | أَرْزَاتٌ ʾarzātun |
الْأَرْزَاتُ al-ʾarzātu |
أَرْزَاتُ ʾarzātu |
Accusative | أَرْزَاتٍ ʾarzātin |
الْأَرْزَاتِ al-ʾarzāti |
أَرْزَاتِ ʾarzāti |
Genitive | أَرْزَاتٍ ʾarzātin |
الْأَرْزَاتِ al-ʾarzāti |
أَرْزَاتِ ʾarzāti |
Etymology 2[edit]
From Ancient Greek ὄρυζα (óruza).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
أَرُزّ or أُرُزّ • (ʾaruzz or ʾuruzz) m
Declension[edit]
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَرُزّ; أُرُزّ ʾaruzz; ʾuruzz |
الْأَرُزّ; الْأُرُزّ al-ʾaruzz; al-ʾuruzz |
أَرُزّ; أُرُزّ ʾaruzz; ʾuruzz |
Nominative | أَرُزٌّ; أُرُزٌّ ʾaruzzun; ʾuruzzun |
الْأَرُزُّ; الْأُرُزُّ al-ʾaruzzu; al-ʾuruzzu |
أَرُزُّ; أُرُزُّ ʾaruzzu; ʾuruzzu |
Accusative | أَرُزًّا; أُرُزًّا ʾaruzzan; ʾuruzzan |
الْأَرُزَّ; الْأُرُزَّ al-ʾaruzza; al-ʾuruzza |
أَرُزَّ; أُرُزَّ ʾaruzza; ʾuruzza |
Genitive | أَرُزٍّ; أُرُزٍّ ʾaruzzin; ʾuruzzin |
الْأَرُزِّ; الْأُرُزِّ al-ʾaruzzi; al-ʾuruzzi |
أَرُزِّ; أُرُزِّ ʾaruzzi; ʾuruzzi |
Synonyms[edit]
- رُزّ (ruzz)
Descendants[edit]
- → Ottoman Turkish: ارز (ürüz, erz)
Etymology 3[edit]
Of onomatopoeic origin from a ringing telephone. At its time one also employed إِرْزِيز (ʾirzīz) for the new device of a telephone.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
أَرَزَّ • (ʾarazza) IV, non-past يُرِزُّ (yurizzu) (obsolete)
Conjugation[edit]
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
ʾirzāz | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
murizz | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
murazz | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʾarzaztu |
ʾarzazta |
أَرَزَّ ʾarazza |
ʾarzaztumā |
ʾarazzā |
ʾarzaznā |
ʾarzaztum |
ʾarazzū | |||
f | ʾarzazti |
ʾarazzat |
ʾarazzatā |
ʾarzaztunna |
ʾarzazna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُرِزُّ ʾurizzu |
turizzu |
yurizzu |
turizzāni |
yurizzāni |
nurizzu |
turizzūna |
yurizzūna | |||
f | turizzīna |
turizzu |
turizzāni |
turzizna |
yurzizna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُرِزَّ ʾurizza |
turizza |
yurizza |
turizzā |
yurizzā |
nurizza |
turizzū |
yurizzū | |||
f | turizzī |
turizza |
turizzā |
turzizna |
yurzizna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾurizza or ʾurizzi or ʾurziz |
turizza or turizzi or turziz |
yurizza or yurizzi or yurziz |
turizzā |
yurizzā |
nurizza or nurizzi or nurziz |
turizzū |
yurizzū | |||
f | turizzī |
turizza or turizzi or turziz |
turizzā |
turzizna |
yurzizna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ʾarizza or ʾarizzi or ʾarziz |
ʾarizzā |
ʾarizzū |
||||||||
f | ʾarizzī |
ʾarzizna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʾurziztu |
ʾurzizta |
أُرِزَّ ʾurizza |
ʾurziztumā |
ʾurizzā |
ʾurziznā |
ʾurziztum |
ʾurizzū | |||
f | ʾurzizti |
ʾurizzat |
ʾurizzatā |
ʾurziztunna |
ʾurzizna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُرَزُّ ʾurazzu |
turazzu |
yurazzu |
turazzāni |
yurazzāni |
nurazzu |
turazzūna |
yurazzūna | |||
f | turazzīna |
turazzu |
turazzāni |
turzazna |
yurzazna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُرَزَّ ʾurazza |
turazza |
yurazza |
turazzā |
yurazzā |
nurazza |
turazzū |
yurazzū | |||
f | turazzī |
turazza |
turazzā |
turzazna |
yurzazna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾurazza or ʾurazzi or ʾurzaz |
turazza or turazzi or turzaz |
yurazza or yurazzi or yurzaz |
turazzā |
yurazzā |
nurazza or nurazzi or nurzaz |
turazzū |
yurazzū | |||
f | turazzī |
turazza or turazzi or turzaz |
turazzā |
turzazna |
yurzazna |
Etymology 4[edit]
Verb[edit]
- first-person singular non-past active indicative of رَزَّ (razza)
Verb[edit]
- first-person singular non-past active subjunctive of رَزَّ (razza)
- first-person singular non-past active jussive of رَزَّ (razza)
Verb[edit]
Verb[edit]
- first-person singular non-past passive indicative of رَزَّ (razza)
Verb[edit]
- first-person singular non-past passive subjunctive of رَزَّ (razza)
- first-person singular non-past passive jussive of رَزَّ (razza)
Verb[edit]
References[edit]
- Löw, Immanuel (1924–1934) Die Flora der Juden[1] (in German), Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 17–26
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft[2] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 43, noting it is rare in pre-classical Arabic and Arabic savants struggle to define it as they do not know the tree.
- Puhvel, Jaan (1984–) Hittite Etymological Dictionary (Trends in linguistics. Documentation), volume 3, page 301
- Rabin, Chaim (1965), “Millīm ḥittiyōṯ bəʿiḇrīṯ”, in Sefer Segal (in Hebrew), Jerusalem: Kiryat Sefer, page 164–165 of 151–179 according to Leslau, Wolf (1991), “አርዝ”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 41a
- Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2004), “A Botanical Snapshot of Ugaritic”, in Aula Orientalis[3], volume 22, issue 1, Barcelona, page 113
- “eren [CEDAR]”, in The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary, University of Pennsylvania, 2006
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