الم

See also: ألم

Karakhanid

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ölim (“death”), from *öl- (“to die”). Cognate with Turkish ölüm and Chuvash вилӗм (vilĕm)

Noun

اُلُمْ (ölüm)

1. death

Descendants

• Chagatai:
  • Uyghur: ئۆلۈم (ölüm)
  • Uzbek: oʻlim

References

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074), Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 75

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic أَلَم (ʔalam).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔa.ˈlam/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.lám]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.lám]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔä.lám]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔä.lám]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæ.lǽm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.lám]

Readings
Classical reading?	alam
Dari reading?	alam
Iranian reading?	alam
Tajik reading?	alam

Noun

الم • (alam) (plural آلام (âlâm)) (literary)

1. pain

   Synonyms: درد (dard), رنج (ranj)

   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 47:

     هر یکی از ما مسیح عالمی است
     هر الم را در کف ما مرهمی است

     har yakē az mā masīh-i ālamē ast
     har alam rā dar kaff-i mā marhamē ast

     Each of us is a Messiah of a world [of people]: in our hands is a medicine for every pain.

2. grief

   Synonym: غم (ġam)

Etymology 2

Noun

الم • (alom)

1. (archaic or dialectal) millet; green foxtail millet, wild foxtail millet (Setaria viridis)

Urdu

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अलम् (álam).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ə.ləm/

Adverb

الم • (alam) (Hindi spelling अलम्) (rare)

1. enough, sufficient, adequate, equal to

References

• Platts, John T. (1884), “الم”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.