تاريخ

See also: تاریخ, تأريخ, and تارىخ

Arabic

Etymology

Likely a borrowing from (the broken plural of) a corresponding form II verbal noun formation of Old South Arabian 𐩥𐩧𐩭 (wrḫ /⁠warḫ⁠/, “month; date”) from Proto-Semitic *warḫ- (“moon; month”) not retained in Arabic.

Less common أَرَّخَ (ʔarraḵa, “to date, to write the date”) and its verbal noun تَأْرِيخ (taʔrīḵ) were then formed secondarily.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /taː.riːx/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

تَارِيخ • (tārīḵ) m (plural تَوَارِيخ (tawārīḵ))

1. date, time
2. history
3. chronicles, annals

Declension

Declension of noun تَارِيخ (tārīḵ)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	تَارِيخ tārīḵ	التَّارِيخ at-tārīḵ	تَارِيخ tārīḵ
nominative	تَارِيخٌ tārīḵun	التَّارِيخُ at-tārīḵu	تَارِيخُ tārīḵu
accusative	تَارِيخًا tārīḵan	التَّارِيخَ at-tārīḵa	تَارِيخَ tārīḵa
genitive	تَارِيخٍ tārīḵin	التَّارِيخِ at-tārīḵi	تَارِيخِ tārīḵi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	تَارِيخَيْن tārīḵayn	التَّارِيخَيْن at-tārīḵayn	تَارِيخَيْ tārīḵay
nominative	تَارِيخَانِ tārīḵāni	التَّارِيخَانِ at-tārīḵāni	تَارِيخَا tārīḵā
accusative	تَارِيخَيْنِ tārīḵayni	التَّارِيخَيْنِ at-tārīḵayni	تَارِيخَيْ tārīḵay
genitive	تَارِيخَيْنِ tārīḵayni	التَّارِيخَيْنِ at-tārīḵayni	تَارِيخَيْ tārīḵay
plural	basic broken plural diptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	تَوَارِيخ tawārīḵ	التَّوَارِيخ at-tawārīḵ	تَوَارِيخ tawārīḵ
nominative	تَوَارِيخُ tawārīḵu	التَّوَارِيخُ at-tawārīḵu	تَوَارِيخُ tawārīḵu
accusative	تَوَارِيخَ tawārīḵa	التَّوَارِيخَ at-tawārīḵa	تَوَارِيخَ tawārīḵa
genitive	تَوَارِيخَ tawārīḵa	التَّوَارِيخِ at-tawārīḵi	تَوَارِيخِ tawārīḵi

Derived terms

• تَارِيخِيّ (tārīḵiyy)
• تَأْرِيخ (taʔrīḵ)
• أَرَّخَ (ʔarraḵa)
• مُؤَرِّخ (muʔarriḵ)

Descendants

• → Amharic: ታሪክ (tarik)
• → Armenian: թարեխ (tʻarex), թարեղ (tʻareġ), թարըղ (tʻarəġ), թարիղ (tʻariġ)
• → Bashkir: тарих (tarix)
• → Georgian: თარიღი (tariɣi)
• → Hausa: tār̃īhī̀
• → Hebrew: תַּאֲרִיךְ (ta'aríkh)
• → Kumyk: тарих (tarix)
• → Kyrgyz: тарых (tarıh)
• → Malay: tarikh
  • Indonesian: tarikh
• → Old Anatolian Turkish: تارِیخ (tarix)
  • Azerbaijani: tarix
  • Ottoman Turkish: تارِیخ (tarih)
    • Turkish: tarih
    • → Albanian: tarih
  • → Crimean Tatar: tarih
• → Persian: تارِیخ (târix), تأریخ (ta'rix) (archaic or Tajik)
  • → Assamese: তাৰিখ (tarikh)
  • → Bengali: তারিখ (tarikh)
  • → Gujarati: તારીખ (tārīkh)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: तारीख़ (tārīx)

    Urdu: تارِیخ (tārīx)

    • → Palula: taaríx

  • → Kyrgyz: тарых (tarıh)
  • → Marathi: तारीख (tārīkh)
  • → Nogai: тарых (tarıx)
  • → Southern Altai: тарых (tarïh)
  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਤਾਰੀਖ਼ (tārīx)

    Shahmukhi script: تارِیخ (tārīx)

  • → Telugu: తారీఖు (tārīkhu)
• → Somali: taariikh
• → Southern Altai: тарых (tarïh)
• → Swahili: tarehe
• → Tatar: тарих (tarix)
• → Tigrinya: ታሪኽ (tarix)
• → Turkmen: taryh
• → Uyghur: تارىخ (tarix)
• → Uzbek: tarix
• → Wolof: taariix

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863-1893), “تاريخ”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 46b.
• Wehr, Hans (1979), “ءرخ”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 15b
• Weninger, Stefan (2009), “Der Jemen als lexikalisches Ausstrahlungszentrum in der Antike”, in Philologisches und Historisches zwischen Anatolien und Sokotra. Analecta Semitica in memoriam Alexander Sima‎^[1] (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrasowitz, →ISBN, page 399 Nr. 2

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian تَارِیخ (tārīx), from Arabic تَارِيخ (tārīḵ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t̪aː.ɾiːx/, [t̪aː.ɾiːkʰ]

Noun

تارِيخَ • (tārīxa) f (Devanagari तारीख़)

1. date (point of time at which event takes place; a specific day)
2. history

Further reading

• Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988), “تاريخ”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ, page 433
• Parmanand, Mewaram (1910), “تاريِخَ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society, page 86
• Shirt, George; Thavurdas, Udharam; Mirza, S.F. (1879), “تاريخ”, in A Sindhi-English Dictionary, Karachi: Commissioner's Printing Press, page 162
• Sindhi Language Authority (2026), “تاريخ”, in Online Sindhi Dictionaries‎^[2]

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ء ر خ
1 term

Etymology

Inherited from Arabic تَارِيخ (tārīḵ).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /taː.riːx/, [tæːˈriːx]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Noun

تاريخ • (tārīḵ) m (plural تواريخ (tawārīḵ))

1. history
2. date