تاوان

Ottoman Turkish

تاوان

Alternative forms

• طاوان (tavan), طوان (tavan)

Etymology

Unknown. Nişanyan does not consider Old Turkic [script needed] (taban) to be related and doubts the similar Classical Syriac ܬܘܢܐ (tawwān, “room”) is the origin.

Noun

تاوان • (tavan) (definite accusative تاوانی (tavanı), plural تاوانلر (tavanlar))

1. ceiling, the overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room

   Synonym: سقف (sekf)

Derived terms

• آغز تاوانی (ağız tavanı, “palate of the mouth”)
• تاوان آراسی (tavan arası, “space between the ceiling and the roof”)
• تاوان دلیكی (tavan deliği, “oculus, skylight”)
• تاوان سوپوركه‌سی (tavan süpürgesi, “ceiling broom”)
• تاوان كوبكی (tavan göbeği, “central ornament of a ceiling”)
• تاوانلامق (tavanlamak, “to ceil”)
• تاوانلتمق (tavanlatmak, “to make or let be ceiled”)
• تاوانلنمق (tavanlanmak, “to be ceiled”)
• تكنه تاوان (tekne tavan, “concave ceiling”)

Descendants

• Turkish: tavan
• → Albanian: tavan
• → Arabic: طَوَان (ṭawān)
• → Armenian: թավան (tʻavan)
• → Bulgarian: таван (tavan)
• → Crimean Tatar: tavan
• → Greek: ταβάνι (taváni)
• → Macedonian: таван (tavan)
• → Romanian: tavan
• → Serbo-Croatian: tavan, таван

Further reading

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881), “تاوان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 436
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “tavan1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4642
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “تاوان”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 143b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “تاوان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 338
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Laquear”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 915
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “تاوان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 1047
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “tavan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “تاوان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 481

Pashto

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian تاوان (tāvān).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɑˈwɑn/

Noun

تاوان • (tāwān) f

1. harm, injury; loss

   Synonyms: زیان, نقصان, تلف, ضرر

2. compensation, indemnity, reparations

Declension

Declension of تاوان

	singular	plural
direct	تاوان (tāwān)	تاوانونه (tāwānuna)
oblique	تاوان (tāwān)	تاوانونو (tāwānuno)
vocative	تاوانه (tāwāna)	تاوانونو (tāwānuno)

Derived terms

• تاوان اخيستل
• تاوان جن
• تاوان رسوونکی
• تاوان ورکول
• تاوان کول, تاوانول
• تاواني
• تاوانېدل, تاوان کېدل

References

Pashtoon, Zeeya A. (2009), “تاوان”, in Pashto–English Dictionary, Hyattsville: Dunwoody Press

Persian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (t'dw'n' /⁠tāvān⁠/, “compensation, obligation”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /taː.ˈwaːn/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰɑː.wɑːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰɑː.wɑːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰɑː.wɑːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰɔː.wɔːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰɒː.vɒːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰɔ.vɔn]

Readings
Classical reading?	tāwān
Dari reading?	tāwān
Iranian reading?	tâvân
Tajik reading?	tovon

Noun

تاوان • (tâvân) (plural تاوان ها (tâvân-hâ))

1. punishment, penalty, compensation.

References

Mackenzie, D. N. (1971) A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary. p. 82. Retrieved December 16, 2022.

Ushojo

Etymology

From Persian تاوان (tâvân).

Noun

تاوان (tāvān)

1. loss, damage