جل

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See also: چل, خل, حل, ـجل, and ـجیل

Arabic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Root
ج ل ل (j-l-l)

Compare Hebrew גַּל (gall).

Adjective[edit]

جَلّ (jall)

  1. great
  2. bulky
  3. outstanding
Declension[edit]

Noun[edit]

جُلّ (jullm

  1. (construct) the bulk (of), the majority (of); the lion's share
    Synonym: أَكْثَر (ʔakṯar)
    مَا لَا يُدْرَكُ كُلُّهُ، لَا يُتْرَكُ جُلُّهُ.
    mā lā yudraku kulluhu, lā yutraku julluhu.
    What is not wholly achieved is not to be largely abandoned.
    • 20th century, مُصْطَفَى صادِق الرافِعي, جل الناسِ أعداءُ :
      جل الناسِ أعداءُ على السرَّاءِ والضَّرَّا
      فلا يغرُرْكَ مبتسمٌ وإن أبدى لكَ البشرا
      ففي الصدر حزازاتٌ تكادُ تمزقُ الصدرا
      ولو كادوا النجومَ هوتْ من الخضراءِ للغبرا
      وما الدنيا إذا فكر تَ غير جهنمَ الصُّغرى
      ألستَ ترى بها أمماً وكلٌّ تلعنُ الأخرى
      لقد جرَّبْتُ جُلَّهُمُ فلمْ أر فيهمُ خيرا
      Most men are rabid foes, / Be they in joy or woe!
      Do not be fooled by smiles, / Even if seeming kind:
      In their breasts is hateful fury, / almost tearing their hearts apart!
      If men could plot against the stars, / The stars would fall into the mire.
      Life, if you reflect, / Is but a "lesser Hell":
      Do you not see in it many nations? / And each of them execrates the other!
      I have appraised most sorts and kinds, / And in all, I saw no goodness!
Declension[edit]

Verb[edit]

جَلَّ (jalla) I, non-past يَجِلُّ‎ (yajillu)

  1. to be illustrious
  2. to be beyond or above
  3. to be exalted or dignified
  4. to grow old
Conjugation[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Classical Persian گل (gul).

Noun[edit]

جُلّ (jullm

  1. (uncommon) jasmine, rose
Declension[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Borrowed from Iranian. Compare Central Kurdish جِل (cil, beggar’s clothes), Persian جل (joll, horse-covering, saddle-cloth), Balti [script needed] (jol, horse cover), Yagnobi [script needed] (jul, horse-cloth), Gurani [script needed] (jal, jul, cover, cloth). Doublet of شَلَّاق (šallāq), جُوَالَق (juwālaq), and جُوَال (juwāl).

Noun[edit]

جُلّ (jullm (plural أَجْلَال (ʔajlāl) or جِلَال (jilāl)) (regional)

  1. horse-covering, saddlecloth
    • a. 869, الْجَاحِظ [al-jāḥiẓ], “باب ما يُجلب من البلدان من طرائف السلع والأمتعة والجواري والأحجار وغير ذلك [What one imports from strange countries in items, commodities, she-slaves, stones and else.]”, in التَبَصُّر بِٱلتِّجَارَة [at-tabaṣṣur bi-t-tijāra]‎[1]:
      ومن السوس: الأُتْرُجُّ ودُهن البنفسج والشاه سبرم والجِلال والبراذع.
      From Sūs one gets citrons, violet-oil, basil, and horse-covers and pack-saddles.
    • 1355, اِبْن بَطُّوطَة [ibn baṭṭūṭa, Ibn Baṭṭūṭa], edited by Charles Defrémery & Beniamino Sanguinetti, تُحْفَةُ ٱلنُّظَّارِ فِي غَرَائِبِ ٱلْأَمْصَارِ وَعَجَائِبِ ٱلْأَسْفَارِ [tuḥfatu n-nuẓẓāri fī ḡarāʔibi l-ʔamṣāri waʕajāʔibi l-ʔasfāri]‎[2], volume II, Paris: L'imprimerie impériale/nationale, published 1854, page 35, line 2 a fine:
      وقد لبسوا التلاليس وجِلال الدوابّ وجعلوا فوق رءوسهم التراب والتبن.
      They were clothed in sacks and pelts of domestic beasts and had their heads covered with earth and straw.
Declension[edit]

References[edit]

  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 103–104
  • Rossi, Adriano Valerio (2011) “Ossetic and Balochi in V.I. Abaev’s SLOVAR'”, in Nartamongæ. The Journal of Alano-Ossetic Studies[3], volume 8, pages 251–255 (from 236)

Persian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Perhaps cognate to Sanskrit चोल (cola). Borrowed as Arabic جُلّ (jull)

Noun[edit]

جل (joll)

  1. horse-covering, saddlecloth
  2. veil (hung before a sanctuary)

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Ottoman Turkish: چول (çul) (see there for further descendants)

References[edit]

Urdu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Sanskrit जल (jala).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

جَل (jalm (Hindi spelling जल)

  1. water
    Synonym: پانی (pānī)
    • ناصر شہزاد (Nāsir Śahzād) :
      جل میں ٹھہرا ترا مرا چہرا
      کیسا دریا تھا وہ سبھا کیسی
      jal mẽ ṭhahrā tirā mirā cehrā
      kaisā dariyā thā voh sabhā kaisī

References[edit]

  • جل”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • جل”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.