جهاد

See also: جہاد

Arabic

Root
ج ه د (j h d)
11 terms

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒi.haːd/

Noun

جِهَاد • (jihād) m (uncountable)

1. verbal noun of جَاهَدَ (jāhada) (form III)
2. struggle, effort

   Synonyms: نِضَال (niḍāl), كِفَاح (kifāḥ)

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 25:52:

     فَلَا تُطِعِ الْكَافِرِينَ وَجَاهِدْهُم بِهِ جِهَادًا كَبِيرًا

     fa-lā tuṭiʕi l-kāfirīna wa-jāhidhum bihi jihādan kabīran

     So do not obey the faithless, but wage with it [the Revelation] a great struggle against them.

3. religious struggle

Declension

Declension of noun جِهَاد (jihād)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جِهَاد jihād	الْجِهَاد al-jihād	جِهَاد jihād
nominative	جِهَادٌ jihādun	الْجِهَادُ al-jihādu	جِهَادُ jihādu
accusative	جِهَادًا jihādan	الْجِهَادَ al-jihāda	جِهَادَ jihāda
genitive	جِهَادٍ jihādin	الْجِهَادِ al-jihādi	جِهَادِ jihādi

Derived terms

• جِهَادِيّ (jihādiyy)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa.haːd/

Noun

جَهَاد • (jahād) m (plural جُهُد (juhud))

1. flat land; rugged, hard land
2. desert

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:صحراء

Declension

Declension of noun جَهَاد (jahād)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَهَاد jahād	الْجَهَاد al-jahād	جَهَاد jahād
nominative	جَهَادٌ jahādun	الْجَهَادُ al-jahādu	جَهَادُ jahādu
accusative	جَهَادًا jahādan	الْجَهَادَ al-jahāda	جَهَادَ jahāda
genitive	جَهَادٍ jahādin	الْجَهَادِ al-jahādi	جَهَادِ jahādi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جَهَادَيْن jahādayn	الْجَهَادَيْن al-jahādayn	جَهَادَيْ jahāday
nominative	جَهَادَانِ jahādāni	الْجَهَادَانِ al-jahādāni	جَهَادَا jahādā
accusative	جَهَادَيْنِ jahādayni	الْجَهَادَيْنِ al-jahādayni	جَهَادَيْ jahāday
genitive	جَهَادَيْنِ jahādayni	الْجَهَادَيْنِ al-jahādayni	جَهَادَيْ jahāday
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	جُهُد juhud	الْجُهُد al-juhud	جُهُد juhud
nominative	جُهُدٌ juhudun	الْجُهُدُ al-juhudu	جُهُدُ juhudu
accusative	جُهُدًا juhudan	الْجُهُدَ al-juhuda	جُهُدَ juhuda
genitive	جُهُدٍ juhudin	الْجُهُدِ al-juhudi	جُهُدِ juhudi

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• ճիհատ (cihad) — Armeno-Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جِهَاد (jihād).

Noun

جهاد • (cihad)

1. jihad, holy war, crusade
2. fight, struggle, battle

Descendants

• Turkish: cihat

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جِهَاد (jihād).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒi.ˈhaːd/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒe̞.ɦɑ́ːd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒe̞.ɦɑ́ːd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒi.jɑ́ːd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒi.jɔ́ːd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒe.ɦɒ́ːd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒi.ɦɔ́d̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	jihād
Dari reading?	jehād
Iranian reading?	jehâd
Tajik reading?	jihod

Noun

جهاد • (jihād / jehâd) (Tajik spelling ҷиҳод)

1. (Islam) jihad, holy war, crusade
2. fight, struggle, battle

Related terms

• Persian terms derived from the Arabic root ج ه د (0 c, 3 e)