جهنم

See also: جہنم

Arabic

Etymology

Borrowed from Aramaic גֵּיהִנָּם (gēhinnām), from גֵּיא בֶן הִנֹּם (gē ḇen hinnōm, “valley of the son of Hinom”). The vocalization suggests that it may have been borrowed via Ge'ez ገሀነም (gähännäm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa.han.nam/

Proper noun

جَهَنَّم • (jahannam) f

1. (Islam, Christianity) hell, Gehenna

   Synonyms: سَعِير (saʕīr), لَظَىٰ (laẓā), النَّار (an-nār), هاوِيَة (hāwiya), جَحِيم (jaḥīm), حُطَمَة (ḥuṭama), سَقَر (saqar)

Declension

Declension of noun جَهَنَّم (jahannam)

singular	basic singular diptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	—	جَهَنَّم jahannam	—
nominative	—	جَهَنَّمُ jahannamu	—
accusative	—	جَهَنَّمَ jahannama	—
genitive	—	جَهَنَّمَ jahannama	—

Related terms

• جَهَنَّمِيّ (jahannamiyy)

Descendants

• → Armenian: ջանդամ (ǰandam), ջհանդամ (ǰhandam), ջահանդամ (ǰahandam), ջհաննամ (ǰhannam), ջայնամ (ǰaynam), ջահնամ (ǰahnam)
• → Bashkir: йәһәннәм (yəhənnəm)
• → English: Jahannam
• → Karaim: джаханам (cahanam)
• → Kazakh: жаһаннам (jahannam)
• → Malay: jahanam
• → Old Anatolian Turkish: جهنم (cehennem)
  • Azerbaijani: cəhənnəm
  • Ottoman Turkish: جهنم (cehennem)
    • Turkish: cehennem
    • → Abkhaz: џьаҳаным (džaḥanəm)
    • → Bulgarian: дженде́м (džendém), джанде́м (džandém)
      • → Gagauz: cendem
    • → Macedonian: џенем (dženem)
    • → Serbo-Croatian:

      Cyrillic script: џехѐнем, џехѐннем, Џехѐнем, Џехѐннем

      Latin script: džehènem, džehènnem, Džehènem, Džehènnem

• → Classical Persian: جَهَنَّم (jahannam)
  • → Bengali: জাহান্নাম (jahannam)
  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਜਹੰਨਮ (jahannam)

    Shahmukhi script: جہنم (jahannam)

  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: जहन्नुम (jahannum), जहन्नम (jahannam)

    Urdu: جَہَنُّم (jahannum), جَہَنَّم (jahannam)

• → Swahili: jahanamu
• → Tabasaran: жегьеннем (žehennem)
• → Turkmen: jähennem

References

• Jonas Meyer (1901) Die Hölle im Islam‎^[1] (in German), Basel: Fr. Reinhardt, Universitäts-Buchdruckerei

Old Anatolian Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جَهَنَّم (jahannam), from Hebrew גֵּיהִנּוֹם (gehinóm, “Gehenna”), from גַּיא בֶּן הִנֹּם (Ge ben Hinnom, “Valley of Hinnom”).

Noun

جَهَنَّمْ • (cehennem)

1. (Islam) hell, inferno, Jahannam; a place of torment where some or all sinners are believed to go after death and evil spirits are believed to be.

   Synonyms: طامو (tamu), دوزخ (dūzaḫ)

   Antonyms: اوچمق (uçmaq), جنّت (cennet)

   جهنم عذابی ― cehennem ʿeẕābı ― torment of hell

Derived terms

• جهنم اودی (cehennem odı, “hellfire”)

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: cəhənnəm
• Ottoman Turkish: جهنم (cehennem)
  • Turkish: cehennem
  • → Abkhaz: џьаҳаным (džaḥanəm)
  • → Bulgarian: дженде́м (džendém), джанде́м (džandém)
    • → Gagauz: cendem
  • → Macedonian: џенем (dženem)
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: џехѐнем, џехѐннем, Џехѐнем, Џехѐннем

    Latin script: džehènem, džehènnem, Džehènem, Džehènnem

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish جهنم (cehennem), from Arabic جَهَنَّم (jahannam), from Hebrew גֵּיהִנּוֹם (gehinóm, “Gehenna”), from גַּיא בֶּן הִנֹּם (Ge ben Hinnom, “Valley of Hinnom”).

Noun

جهنم • (cehennem)

1. (Islam) hell, Jahannam a place of torment where sinners are believed to go after death.

   Synonyms: دوزخ (duzah), طامو (tamu)

Derived terms

• جهنم طاشی (cehennem taşı, “lunar caustic”)
• جهنم كوتوكی (cehennem kütüğü, “a hardened sinner”)
• جهنملك (cehennemlik, “place like hell; one who is destined to hell”)
• جهنملی (cehennemli, “hellish, damned”)
• جهنمی (cehennemî, “hellish, damned”)

Descendants

• Turkish: cehennem
• → Abkhaz: џьаҳаным (džaḥanəm)
• → Bulgarian: дженде́м (džendém), джанде́м (džandém)
  • → Gagauz: cendem
• → Macedonian: џенем (dženem)
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: џехѐнем, џехѐннем, Џехѐнем, Џехѐннем

  Latin script: džehènem, džehènnem, Džehènem, Džehènnem

Further reading

click to expand

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “cehennem”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 768
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “جهنم”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[2], Vienna: F. Beck, page 193a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “جهنم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 453
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Infernus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[4], Vienna, column 795
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “جهنم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[5], Vienna, column 1695
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “cehennem”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “جهنم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 694

Persian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Aramaic גֵּיהִנָּםbor.

Ge'ez ገሀነም (gähänäm)influ.

Arabic جَهَنَّم (jahannam)bor.

Persian جهنم

Borrowed from Arabic جَهَنَّم (jahannam), borrowed from Aramaic גֵּיהִנָּם.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒa.han.ˈnam]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦän.nǽm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦän.nǽm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑːän.nǽm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɔːän.nǽm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæ.ɦæn.nǽm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦän.nǽm]

Readings
Classical reading?	jahannam
Dari reading?	jahannam
Iranian reading?	jahannam
Tajik reading?	jahannam

Noun

Dari	جهنم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҷаҳаннам

جَهَنَّم • (jahannam)

1. hell

   Synonym: دوزخ (duzax)

Descendants

• → Bengali: জাহান্নাম (jahannam)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਜਹੰਨਮ (jahannam)

  Shahmukhi script: جہنم (jahannam)

• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: जहन्नुम (jahannum), जहन्नम (jahannam)

  Urdu: جَہَنُّم (jahannum), جَہَنَّم (jahannam)