سوار

Arabic

سِوَار

Etymology

Though Fraenkel assumed that the Arabic word is genuine and not a loan, likely a perhaps early loan from a byform of Aramaic שֵׁירָא / ܫܶܐܪܳܐ (šērā), see the exposure at ش ج ر (š j r). Juxtapose قُلْب (qulb, “bracelet”) for a Syriac loan. Compare also دُمْلُوج (dumlūj).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si.waːr/

Noun

سِوَار • (siwār) m (plural أَسْوِرَة (ʔaswira) or أَسَاوِر (ʔasāwir))

1. bracelet

Declension

Declension of noun سِوَار (siwār)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	سِوَار siwār	السِّوَار as-siwār	سِوَار siwār
nominative	سِوَارٌ siwārun	السِّوَارُ as-siwāru	سِوَارُ siwāru
accusative	سِوَارًا siwāran	السِّوَارَ as-siwāra	سِوَارَ siwāra
genitive	سِوَارٍ siwārin	السِّوَارِ as-siwāri	سِوَارِ siwāri
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	سِوَارَيْن siwārayn	السِّوَارَيْن as-siwārayn	سِوَارَيْ siwāray
nominative	سِوَارَانِ siwārāni	السِّوَارَانِ as-siwārāni	سِوَارَا siwārā
accusative	سِوَارَيْنِ siwārayni	السِّوَارَيْنِ as-siwārayni	سِوَارَيْ siwāray
genitive	سِوَارَيْنِ siwārayni	السِّوَارَيْنِ as-siwārayni	سِوَارَيْ siwāray
plural	broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a); basic broken plural diptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَسْوِرَة; أَسَاوِر ʔaswira; ʔasāwir	الْأَسْوِرَة; الْأَسَاوِر al-ʔaswira; al-ʔasāwir	أَسْوِرَة; أَسَاوِر ʔaswirat; ʔasāwir
nominative	أَسْوِرَةٌ; أَسَاوِرُ ʔaswiratun; ʔasāwiru	الْأَسْوِرَةُ; الْأَسَاوِرُ al-ʔaswiratu; al-ʔasāwiru	أَسْوِرَةُ; أَسَاوِرُ ʔaswiratu; ʔasāwiru
accusative	أَسْوِرَةً; أَسَاوِرَ ʔaswiratan; ʔasāwira	الْأَسْوِرَةَ; الْأَسَاوِرَ al-ʔaswirata; al-ʔasāwira	أَسْوِرَةَ; أَسَاوِرَ ʔaswirata; ʔasāwira
genitive	أَسْوِرَةٍ; أَسَاوِرَ ʔaswiratin; ʔasāwira	الْأَسْوِرَةِ; الْأَسَاوِرِ al-ʔaswirati; al-ʔasāwiri	أَسْوِرَةِ; أَسَاوِرِ ʔaswirati; ʔasāwiri

Descendants

• ⇒ English: Siwarha

References

• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886), Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 56
• Freytag, Georg (1833), “سوار”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 374

Bulgar

Proper noun

سُوار (Suwâr)

1. the clan of Suar

   مُون سُوار يَالِ ― Mûn Suwâr yêli. ― the big Suar clan.

References

• Tekin, Talât (1988), Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎^[2] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, pages 190-191
• ibn Fadlan, Ahmad (921-922), Ramazan Şeşen, transl., Ibn Fadlan Seyahatnamesi [Travel Book of Ibn Fadlan] (in Turkish), 2022 edition, İstanbul: Yeditepe, published 2010, →ISBN, page 35, ٤٢

Central Kurdish

Etymology

From Middle Persian ʾswbʾl (aswār, “horseman, rider”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /swɑːɾ/

Noun

سوار (swar)

1. rider, horseman

Persian

Alternative forms

• اسوار (aswār / asvâr), سواره (sawāra / savâre)

Etymology

From Middle Persian ʾswbʾl, ʾsp̄wʾl (/⁠aswār⁠/, “horseman, rider”), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎲𐎠𐎼 (a-s-b-a-r /⁠asabāra-⁠/, “horseman”), from Proto-Iranian *Hacwabāráh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haćwabʰāras.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /sa.ˈwaːr/, /su.ˈwaːr/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.wɑ́ːɾ], [sʊ.wɑ́ːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.wɑ́ːɾ], [sʊ.wɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sä.wɑ́ːɾ], [sʊ.wɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [sä.wɔ́ːɾ], [su.wɔ́ːɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sæ.vɒ́ːɹ], [so.vɒ́ːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.vɔ́ɾ], [su.vɔ́ɾ]

• Rhymes: -aːr

Readings
Classical reading?	sawār, suwār
Dari reading?	sawār, suwār
Iranian reading?	savâr, sovâr
Tajik reading?	savor, suvor

Noun

سوار • (sawār, suwār / savâr, sovâr) (plural سواران (sawārān, suwārān / savârân, sovârân), Tajik spelling савор, or сувор)

1. horseman, rider
2. cavalryman

   پادشاه‌ ارابه‌ها و سواران‌ را جمع کرد.

   pādišāh arāba-hā wa sawārān rā jam' kard. / pâdešâh arâbe-hâ va savârân râ jam' kard.

   The king assembled chariots and cavalrymen.

   • 11th century CE, Abulfazl Bayhaqi, edited by Ali-Akbar Fayyaz, Tarikh-i Bayhaqi, page 73:

     حَسَن فَرْمُود تَا عَلَامَتِ بُزُرْگ رَا پیشْتَر بُرْدَنْد وَ بَا سَوَارَانِ پُخْتَهٔ گَزِیدَه حَمْلَه اَفْگَنْد بَفیروزِی

     hasan farmūd tā alāmat-i buzurg rā pēštar burdand wa bā sawārān-i puxta-yi gazīda hamla afgand ba-fērōzī

     Hasan ordered to move the great emblem forward and attacked victoriously with hand-picked veteran cavalrymen.

     (Classical Persian romanization)

3. passenger, someone who is riding

   سوار آن قطار بودم.

   sawār-i ān qatār būdam. / savâr-e ân ġatâr budam.

   I was on that train.

   (literally, “I was a passenger of that train.”)

Antonyms

• پیاده (piyāda / piyâde)

Derived terms

• سوار شدن (savâr šodan)

Descendants

• → Bengali: সওয়ার (śoōẇar)
• → Chagatai:
  • Uyghur: سۇۋارى (suwari)
  • Uzbek: suvori, suvoriy
• → Gujarati: સવાર (savār)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: सवार (savār)

  Urdu: سَوار (savār)

  • → English: sowar
• → Kannada: ಸವಾರ (savāra)
• → Kashmiri: سَوار (savār)
• → Marathi: स्वार (svār)
• → Ottoman Turkish: سوار (süvar)
• → Punjabi::

  Gurmukhi script: ਸਵਾਰ (savār)

  Shahmukhi script: سَوار (savār)

• → Sindhi:

  Arabic script: سَوارُ (savāru)

  Devanagari script: सवारु

References

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “سوار”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “aswār”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 13
• Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000), Этимологический словарь иранских языков [Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov, Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 244
• Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864), “سوار”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[3] (in Latin), volume II, Gießen: J. Ricker, pages 341b–342a
• Wolff, Fritz (1935), Glossar zu Firdosis Schahname‎^[4] (in German), Berlin: Reichsdruckerei, pages 530–531
• Wolff, Fritz (1991), “Verbesserungen und Zusätze zum Schahname-Glossar”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[5] (in German), volume 141, page 103

Punjabi

Alternative forms

• ਅਸਵਾਰ (asavār)

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سوار (sawār). Compare Hindi सवार (savār).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /sə.ʋäːɾ/, [sə.ˈʋäːɾ(ə̆)]

Noun

سَوَار • (savār) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਵਾਰ)

1. rider, horseman

Further reading

• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002), “سوار”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: عزیز پبلشرز [ʻazīz pabliśarz], page 1814
• “سوار”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2026

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سوار (sawār, “rider”), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎲𐎠𐎼 (a-s-b-a-r /⁠asabāra-⁠/, “horseman”), from Proto-Iranian *Hacwabāráh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haćwabʰāras.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /səʋaːrʊ/

Noun

سَوارُ • (savāru) m (Devanagari सवारु)

1. rider, horseman

References

• Parmanand, Mewaram (1910), “سُوارُ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society, page 341
• “سوار”, in हिंदी-सिंधी-अंग्रेज़ी त्रिभाषा कोश (hindī-sindhī-aṅgrezī tribhāṣā koś) [Hindi-Sindhi-English Trilingual Dictionary]‎^[6] (in Hindi), volume 3, केंद्रीय हिंदी निदेशालय [Central Hindi Directorate], 1989, page 245
• Stack, George (1849), “सवारु”, in A dictionary, English and Sindhi, American Mission Press, page 147
• Sindhi Language Authority (2026), “سوار”, in Online Sindhi Dictionaries‎^[7]

Urdu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haćwabʰāras

Proto-Iranian *Hacwabāráh

Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎲𐎠𐎼 (a-s-b-a-r /⁠asabāra-⁠/)

Classical Persian سوار (sawār)bor.

Urdu سوار

Borrowed from Classical Persian سوار (sawār, “rider”), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎲𐎠𐎼 (a-s-b-a-r /⁠asabāra-⁠/, “horseman”), from Proto-Iranian *Hacwabāráh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haćwabʰāras.

Noun

سوار • (savār) m (Hindi spelling सवार)

1. rider, horseman