شهر

See also: شہر and سہر

Arabic

Root
ش ه ر (š h r)
11 terms

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Semitic *śahr-

Arabic شهر

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *śahr-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃahr/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

شَهْر • (šahr) m (plural أَشْهُر (ʔašhur) or شُهُور (šuhūr))

1. month (unit of time)
2. new moon (beginning of the lunar month)

   شَهْر عَسَل ― šahr ʕasal ― honeymoon

Declension

Declension of noun شَهْر (šahr)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شَهْر šahr	الشَّهْر aš-šahr	شَهْر šahr
nominative	شَهْرٌ šahrun	الشَّهْرُ aš-šahru	شَهْرُ šahru
accusative	شَهْرًا šahran	الشَّهْرَ aš-šahra	شَهْرَ šahra
genitive	شَهْرٍ šahrin	الشَّهْرِ aš-šahri	شَهْرِ šahri
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شَهْرَيْن šahrayn	الشَّهْرَيْن aš-šahrayn	شَهْرَيْ šahray
nominative	شَهْرَانِ šahrāni	الشَّهْرَانِ aš-šahrāni	شَهْرَا šahrā
accusative	شَهْرَيْنِ šahrayni	الشَّهْرَيْنِ aš-šahrayni	شَهْرَيْ šahray
genitive	شَهْرَيْنِ šahrayni	الشَّهْرَيْنِ aš-šahrayni	شَهْرَيْ šahray
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَشْهُر‎; شُهُور ʔašhur‎; šuhūr	الْأَشْهُر‎; الشُّهُور al-ʔašhur‎; aš-šuhūr	أَشْهُر‎; شُهُور ʔašhur‎; šuhūr
nominative	أَشْهُرٌ‎; شُهُورٌ ʔašhurun‎; šuhūrun	الْأَشْهُرُ‎; الشُّهُورُ al-ʔašhuru‎; aš-šuhūru	أَشْهُرُ‎; شُهُورُ ʔašhuru‎; šuhūru
accusative	أَشْهُرًا‎; شُهُورًا ʔašhuran‎; šuhūran	الْأَشْهُرَ‎; الشُّهُورَ al-ʔašhura‎; aš-šuhūra	أَشْهُرَ‎; شُهُورَ ʔašhura‎; šuhūra
genitive	أَشْهُرٍ‎; شُهُورٍ ʔašhurin‎; šuhūrin	الْأَشْهُرِ‎; الشُّهُورِ al-ʔašhuri‎; aš-šuhūri	أَشْهُرِ‎; شُهُورِ ʔašhuri‎; šuhūri

Descendants

• Algerian Arabic: شهر (šhar)
• Cypriot Arabic: şaxr
• Egyptian Arabic: شهر (šahr)
• Gulf Arabic: شهر (šahar)
• Hijazi Arabic: شهر (šahar)
• Maltese: xahar
• Moroccan Arabic: شهر (šhar)
• South Levantine Arabic: شهر (šahr)
• Tunisian Arabic: شهر (šhar)

Etymology 2.1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃa.ha.ra/

Verb

شَهَرَ • (šahara) I (non-past يَشْهَرُ (yašharu), verbal noun شَهْر (šahr) or شُهْرَة (šuhra))

1. to spread, to make known, to divulge
2. to make well-known, to make famous, to make notorious
3. to proclaim, to announce
4. to draw (a weapon), to unsheathe

Conjugation

Conjugation of شَهَرَ (I, sound, a ~ a, full passive, verbal nouns شَهْر, شُهْرَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						شَهْر, شُهْرَة šahr, šuhra
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						شَاهِر šāhir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَشْهُور mašhūr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شَهَرْتُ šahartu	شَهَرْتَ šaharta	شَهَرَ šahara		شَهَرْتُمَا šahartumā	شَهَرَا šaharā		شَهَرْنَا šaharnā	شَهَرْتُمْ šahartum	شَهَرُوا šaharū
	f		شَهَرْتِ šaharti	شَهَرَتْ šaharat			شَهَرَتَا šaharatā			شَهَرْتُنَّ šahartunna	شَهَرْنَ šaharna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَشْهَرُ ʔašharu	تَشْهَرُ tašharu	يَشْهَرُ yašharu		تَشْهَرَانِ tašharāni	يَشْهَرَانِ yašharāni		نَشْهَرُ našharu	تَشْهَرُونَ tašharūna	يَشْهَرُونَ yašharūna
	f		تَشْهَرِينَ tašharīna	تَشْهَرُ tašharu			تَشْهَرَانِ tašharāni			تَشْهَرْنَ tašharna	يَشْهَرْنَ yašharna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَشْهَرَ ʔašhara	تَشْهَرَ tašhara	يَشْهَرَ yašhara		تَشْهَرَا tašharā	يَشْهَرَا yašharā		نَشْهَرَ našhara	تَشْهَرُوا tašharū	يَشْهَرُوا yašharū
	f		تَشْهَرِي tašharī	تَشْهَرَ tašhara			تَشْهَرَا tašharā			تَشْهَرْنَ tašharna	يَشْهَرْنَ yašharna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَشْهَرْ ʔašhar	تَشْهَرْ tašhar	يَشْهَرْ yašhar		تَشْهَرَا tašharā	يَشْهَرَا yašharā		نَشْهَرْ našhar	تَشْهَرُوا tašharū	يَشْهَرُوا yašharū
	f		تَشْهَرِي tašharī	تَشْهَرْ tašhar			تَشْهَرَا tašharā			تَشْهَرْنَ tašharna	يَشْهَرْنَ yašharna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِشْهَرْ išhar			اِشْهَرَا išharā				اِشْهَرُوا išharū
	f		اِشْهَرِي išharī							اِشْهَرْنَ išharna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شُهِرْتُ šuhirtu	شُهِرْتَ šuhirta	شُهِرَ šuhira		شُهِرْتُمَا šuhirtumā	شُهِرَا šuhirā		شُهِرْنَا šuhirnā	شُهِرْتُمْ šuhirtum	شُهِرُوا šuhirū
	f		شُهِرْتِ šuhirti	شُهِرَتْ šuhirat			شُهِرَتَا šuhiratā			شُهِرْتُنَّ šuhirtunna	شُهِرْنَ šuhirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُشْهَرُ ʔušharu	تُشْهَرُ tušharu	يُشْهَرُ yušharu		تُشْهَرَانِ tušharāni	يُشْهَرَانِ yušharāni		نُشْهَرُ nušharu	تُشْهَرُونَ tušharūna	يُشْهَرُونَ yušharūna
	f		تُشْهَرِينَ tušharīna	تُشْهَرُ tušharu			تُشْهَرَانِ tušharāni			تُشْهَرْنَ tušharna	يُشْهَرْنَ yušharna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُشْهَرَ ʔušhara	تُشْهَرَ tušhara	يُشْهَرَ yušhara		تُشْهَرَا tušharā	يُشْهَرَا yušharā		نُشْهَرَ nušhara	تُشْهَرُوا tušharū	يُشْهَرُوا yušharū
	f		تُشْهَرِي tušharī	تُشْهَرَ tušhara			تُشْهَرَا tušharā			تُشْهَرْنَ tušharna	يُشْهَرْنَ yušharna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُشْهَرْ ʔušhar	تُشْهَرْ tušhar	يُشْهَرْ yušhar		تُشْهَرَا tušharā	يُشْهَرَا yušharā		نُشْهَرْ nušhar	تُشْهَرُوا tušharū	يُشْهَرُوا yušharū
	f		تُشْهَرِي tušharī	تُشْهَرْ tušhar			تُشْهَرَا tušharā			تُشْهَرْنَ tušharna	يُشْهَرْنَ yušharna

Etymology 2.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃah.ha.ra/

Verb

شَهَّرَ • (šahhara) II (non-past يُشَهِّرُ (yušahhiru), verbal noun تَشْهِير (tašhīr))

1. to make well-known, to make famous, to make notorious
2. to spread, to make known, to divulge
3. to proclaim, to announce
4. to defame, to slander, to revile, to pillory, to condemn, to denounce

Conjugation

Conjugation of شَهَّرَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَشْهِير)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَشْهِير tašhīr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُشَهِّر mušahhir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُشَهَّر mušahhar
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شَهَّرْتُ šahhartu	شَهَّرْتَ šahharta	شَهَّرَ šahhara		شَهَّرْتُمَا šahhartumā	شَهَّرَا šahharā		شَهَّرْنَا šahharnā	شَهَّرْتُمْ šahhartum	شَهَّرُوا šahharū
	f		شَهَّرْتِ šahharti	شَهَّرَتْ šahharat			شَهَّرَتَا šahharatā			شَهَّرْتُنَّ šahhartunna	شَهَّرْنَ šahharna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُشَهِّرُ ʔušahhiru	تُشَهِّرُ tušahhiru	يُشَهِّرُ yušahhiru		تُشَهِّرَانِ tušahhirāni	يُشَهِّرَانِ yušahhirāni		نُشَهِّرُ nušahhiru	تُشَهِّرُونَ tušahhirūna	يُشَهِّرُونَ yušahhirūna
	f		تُشَهِّرِينَ tušahhirīna	تُشَهِّرُ tušahhiru			تُشَهِّرَانِ tušahhirāni			تُشَهِّرْنَ tušahhirna	يُشَهِّرْنَ yušahhirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُشَهِّرَ ʔušahhira	تُشَهِّرَ tušahhira	يُشَهِّرَ yušahhira		تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā	يُشَهِّرَا yušahhirā		نُشَهِّرَ nušahhira	تُشَهِّرُوا tušahhirū	يُشَهِّرُوا yušahhirū
	f		تُشَهِّرِي tušahhirī	تُشَهِّرَ tušahhira			تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā			تُشَهِّرْنَ tušahhirna	يُشَهِّرْنَ yušahhirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُشَهِّرْ ʔušahhir	تُشَهِّرْ tušahhir	يُشَهِّرْ yušahhir		تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā	يُشَهِّرَا yušahhirā		نُشَهِّرْ nušahhir	تُشَهِّرُوا tušahhirū	يُشَهِّرُوا yušahhirū
	f		تُشَهِّرِي tušahhirī	تُشَهِّرْ tušahhir			تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā			تُشَهِّرْنَ tušahhirna	يُشَهِّرْنَ yušahhirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		شَهِّرْ šahhir			شَهِّرَا šahhirā				شَهِّرُوا šahhirū
	f		شَهِّرِي šahhirī							شَهِّرْنَ šahhirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شُهِّرْتُ šuhhirtu	شُهِّرْتَ šuhhirta	شُهِّرَ šuhhira		شُهِّرْتُمَا šuhhirtumā	شُهِّرَا šuhhirā		شُهِّرْنَا šuhhirnā	شُهِّرْتُمْ šuhhirtum	شُهِّرُوا šuhhirū
	f		شُهِّرْتِ šuhhirti	شُهِّرَتْ šuhhirat			شُهِّرَتَا šuhhiratā			شُهِّرْتُنَّ šuhhirtunna	شُهِّرْنَ šuhhirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُشَهَّرُ ʔušahharu	تُشَهَّرُ tušahharu	يُشَهَّرُ yušahharu		تُشَهَّرَانِ tušahharāni	يُشَهَّرَانِ yušahharāni		نُشَهَّرُ nušahharu	تُشَهَّرُونَ tušahharūna	يُشَهَّرُونَ yušahharūna
	f		تُشَهَّرِينَ tušahharīna	تُشَهَّرُ tušahharu			تُشَهَّرَانِ tušahharāni			تُشَهَّرْنَ tušahharna	يُشَهَّرْنَ yušahharna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُشَهَّرَ ʔušahhara	تُشَهَّرَ tušahhara	يُشَهَّرَ yušahhara		تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā	يُشَهَّرَا yušahharā		نُشَهَّرَ nušahhara	تُشَهَّرُوا tušahharū	يُشَهَّرُوا yušahharū
	f		تُشَهَّرِي tušahharī	تُشَهَّرَ tušahhara			تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā			تُشَهَّرْنَ tušahharna	يُشَهَّرْنَ yušahharna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُشَهَّرْ ʔušahhar	تُشَهَّرْ tušahhar	يُشَهَّرْ yušahhar		تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā	يُشَهَّرَا yušahharā		نُشَهَّرْ nušahhar	تُشَهَّرُوا tušahharū	يُشَهَّرُوا yušahharū
	f		تُشَهَّرِي tušahharī	تُشَهَّرْ tušahhar			تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā			تُشَهَّرْنَ tušahharna	يُشَهَّرْنَ yušahharna

Etymology 2.3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃahr/

Noun

شَهْر • (šahr) m

1. verbal noun of شَهَرَ (šahara) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun شَهْر (šahr)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شَهْر šahr	الشَّهْر aš-šahr	شَهْر šahr
nominative	شَهْرٌ šahrun	الشَّهْرُ aš-šahru	شَهْرُ šahru
accusative	شَهْرًا šahran	الشَّهْرَ aš-šahra	شَهْرَ šahra
genitive	شَهْرٍ šahrin	الشَّهْرِ aš-šahri	شَهْرِ šahri

References

• Jeffery, Arthur (1938), The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 186–187
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “شهر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[1] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 680

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Semitic *śahr-

Arabic شَهْر (šahr)

Egyptian Arabic شهر

Inherited from Arabic شَهْر (šahr), from Proto-Semitic *śahr-.

Noun

شهر • (šahr) m (dual شهرين (šahrēn), plural شهور (šuhūr), paucal تشهر (tušhur))

1. month

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Semitic *śahr-

Arabic شَهْر (šahr)

Hijazi Arabic شهر

Inherited from Arabic شَهْر (šahr), from Proto-Semitic *śahr-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃa.har/

Noun

شهر • (šahar) m (plural شهور (šuhūr))

1. month

See also

units of time: وحدات الوقت (wiḥdāt al-wagt)edit

• سنة (sana)
• شهر (šahar)
• أسبوع (ʔusbūʕ)
• يوم (yōm)
• ساعة (sāʕa)
• دقيقة (dagīga)
• لحظة (laḥẓa)
• ثانية (ṯānya)

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Semitic *śahr-

Arabic شَهْر (šahr)

Moroccan Arabic شهر

Inherited from Arabic شَهْر (šahr), from Proto-Semitic *śahr-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃhar/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

شهر • (šhar) m (dual شهرين (šahrayn), plural شهور (šhūr) or شهورة (šhūra))

1. month

See also

Gregorian calendar months in Moroccan Arabic · شهور التقويم الميلادي (šhūr et-taqwīm el-mīlādi) (layout · text)
January	February	March	April
شهر واحد (šhar wāḥid) يناير (yanāyir)	شهر جوج (šhar jūj) فبراير (fibrāyir)	شهر تلاتة (šhar tlāta) مارس (māris)	شهر ربعة (šhar rabʕa) أبريل (abrīl)
May	June	July	August
شهر خمسة (šhar ḵamsa) ماي (māy)	شهر ستة (šhar sitta) يونيو (yūnyu)	شهر سبعة (šhar sabʕa) يوليوز (yūlyūz)	شهر تمنية (šhar tmanya) غشت (ḡušt)
September	October	November	December
شهر تسعة (šhar tisʕa) شهر تسعود (šhar tisʕūd) شتنبر (šutanbir)	شهر عشرة (šhar ʕašra) أكتوبر (ʔuktūbar)	شهر حداش (šhar ḥdāš) نونبر (nuwanbir)	شهر تناش (šhar tnāš) دجنبر (dujanbir)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám

Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štʿy)

Classical Persian شهرbor.

Ottoman Turkish شهر

Borrowed from Classical Persian شَهْر (šahr, “city, town”).

Noun

شهر • (şehir)

1. city, a large settlement bigger than a town

   Synonyms: كنت (kent), مدینه (medine)

2. (especially) the chief city or capital of a province

Derived terms

• آلاشهر (alaşehir, “town in Manisa province”)
• اسكی شهر (eski şehir, “a city in Turkey”)
• شهر امینی (şehir emini, “prefect”)
• شهر اوغلانی (şehir oğlanı, “street Arab”)
• شهربند (şehirbend, “the walls around a city”)
• شهرستان (şehirstan, “country full of cities”)
• شهرلو (şehirli, “townsman”)
• قیر شهری (kır şehri, “Kırşehir, a city and province in Turkey”)
• نوشهر (nevşehir, “Nevşehir, a city and province in Turkey”)

Descendants

• Turkish: şehir
• → Serbo-Croatian:
  • Latin script: šȅher
  • Cyrillic script: ше̏хер

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “şehir2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4448
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “شهر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 738
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Urbs”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1793
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “شهر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 2886
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “şehir”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “شهر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1143

Persian

Alternative forms

• شار (šâr)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám

Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štʿy)

Persian شهر

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štry /⁠šahr⁠/) (compare Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (x-š-ç-m /⁠xšaça-⁠/)), from Proto-Iranian *xšaθram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám. Compare Pashto ښار (ẍâr), Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀 (xšaθra) and Sanskrit क्षत्र (kṣatra).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈʃahr/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃäɦɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃäɦɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃɑːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃɔːɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃæɦɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃäɦɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	šahr
Dari reading?	šahr
Iranian reading?	šahr
Tajik reading?	šahr

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

شَهْر • (šahr) (plural شهرها, Tajik spelling шаҳр)

1. city, town

   بزرگترین شهر ایران ― bozorgtarin šahr-e irân ― largest city in Iran

2. (obsolete) land, country, realm
   • c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Tale of Rustam and Isfandiyār”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]‎^[6]:

     چو او شهر ایران به گشتاسپ داد
     نیامد ترا هیچ زان تخت یاد
     سوی او یکی نامه ننوشته‌ای
     از آرایش بندگی گشته‌ای

     čū ō šahr-i ērān ba guštāsp dād
     nē-āmad tu-rā hēč z-ān taxt yād
     sōy-i ō yakē nāma nē-niwišta'ī
     az ārāyiš-i bandagī gašta'ī

     When he gave the realm of Iran to Gushtāsp,
     You did not remember that throne at all;
     You did not write a single letter to him,
     You turned away from the adornment of vassalage.

     (Classical Persian romanization)

Related terms

• ایرانشهر (ērānšahr / irânšahr, “Iran”)
• شهر سبز (šahr-i sabz / šahr-e sabz, “Shahrisabz”)
• شهر ناو (šahr-i nāw / šahr-e nâv, “Ayutthaya”)
• شهرآورد (šahr-āward / šahr-âvard)
• شهردار (šahrdār / šahrdâr, “mayor”)
• شهرزاد (šahrzād / šahrzâd, “Scheherazade”)
• شهرسازی (šahr-sāzī / šahr-sâzi)
• شهرستان (šahristān / šahrestân, “province”)
• شهرنشین (šahr-nišīn / šahr-nešin)
• شهرک (šahrak, “town”)
• شهری (šahrī / šahri, “civic, urban”)
• شهریار (šahryār / šahryâr, “monarch, prince”)

Descendants

• Dari: شَهْر (šahr)
• Iranian Persian: شَهْر (šahr)
• Tajik: шаҳр (šahr)
• → Azerbaijani: şəhər
• → Assamese: চহৰ (sohor)
• → Bengali: শহর (śohor)
• → Crimean Tatar: şeer
• → Dhivehi: ޝަހަރު (šaharu), ސަހަރު (saharu)
• → Gujarati: શહેર (śaher)
• → Gurani: شار (şar)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: शहर (śahar)

  • → Nepali: शहर (śahar)
    • → Kusunda: səhər

  Urdu: شَہْر (śahr)

• → Karachay-Balkar: шахар (şaxar)
• → Kazakh: шаһар (şahar)
• → Kumyk: шагьар (şahar)
• → Kyrgyz: шаар (şaar)
• → Marathi: शहर (śahar)
• → Ottoman Turkish: شهر (şehir)
  • Turkish: şehir
  • → Serbo-Croatian:
    • Latin script: šȅher
    • Cyrillic script: ше̏хер
• → Odia: ସହର (sahara)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਹਿਰ (śahir)

  Shahmukhi script: شہر (śahir)

• → Uyghur: شەھەر (sheher)
• → Uzbek: shahar

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Semitic *śahr-

Arabic شَهْر (šahr)

South Levantine Arabic شهر

Inherited from Arabic شَهْر (šahr), from Proto-Semitic *śahr-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃahr/, [ˈʃa.h(ɪ)r]

• Audio (Amman):

  (file)

Noun

شهر • (šahr) m (plural أشهر (ʔašhor) or شهور (šhūr))

1. month

See also

units of time: وحدات الوقت (waḥdāt il-waʔt)edit

• سنة (sane)
• شهر (šahr)
• أسبوع (ʔusbūʕ)
• يوم (yōm)
• ساعة (sāʕa)
• دقيقة (daʔīʔa)
• لحظة (laḥẓa)
• ثانية (ṯānye)

Gregorian calendar months in South Levantine Arabic · أشهر التقويم الميلادي (ʔašhor it-taqwīm il-mīlādi) (layout · text)
January	February	March	April
شهر واحد (šahr wāḥad), كانون التاني (kānūn it-tāni)	شهر تنين (šahr tnēn), شباط (šbāṭ)	شهر تلاتة (šahr talāte), آذار (ʔāḏār)	شهر أربعة (šahr arbaʕa), نيسان (nīsān)
May	June	July	August
شهر خمسة (šahr ḵamse), أيّار (ʔayyār)	شهر ستّة (šahr sitte), حزيران (ḥazīrān)	شهر سبعة (šahr sabʕa), تمّوز (tammūz)	شهر تمانية (šahr tamanye), آب (ʔāb)
September	October	November	December
شهر تسعة (šahr tisʕa), أيلول (ʔēlūl)	شهر عشرة (šahr ʕašara), تشرين الأوّل (tišrīn il-ʔawwal)	شهر حدعش (šahr ḥdaʕš), تشرين التاني (tišrīn it-tāni)	شهر تنعش (šahr tnaʕš), كانون الأوّل (kānūn il-ʔawwal)

Tunisian Arabic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Semitic *śahr-

Arabic شَهْر (šahr)

Tunisian Arabic شهر

Inherited from Arabic شَهْر (šahr), from Proto-Semitic *śahr-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃhar/

Noun

شهر (šhar) m (dual شهرين (šahrīn), plural أشهرة (ušhra))

1. month

See also

Gregorian calendar months in Tunisian Arabic · أشهرة سوري (layout · text)
January	February	March	April
جانفي	فيفري	مارس	أفريل
May	June	July	August
ماي	جوان	جويلية	أوت
September	October	November	December
سبتمبر	أكتوبر	نوفمبر	ديسمبر