عشق

Arabic

Root
ع ش ق (ʕ š q)
5 terms

Etymology 1.1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕiʃq/

Noun

عِشْق • (ʕišq) m

1. verbal noun of عَشِقَ (ʕašiqa) (form I)
2. liking with desire (lust), being in love; romantic love (particularly when very strong)

   عِشْقِي لَكِ كَالْوَرْدِ فِي حَدِيقَةِ قَلْبِي، يَنْمُو بِجَمَالٍ وَرَائِحَةٍ تَمْلَأ كُلِّ الزَّوَايَا.

   ʕišqī laki kālwardi fī ḥadīqati qalbī, yanmū bijamālin warāʔiḥatin tamlaʔ kulli z-zawāyā.

   My love for you is like a rose in the garden of my heart, it grows with beauty and a fragrance that fills every corner.

   • 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi, ديوان أبي الطيب المتنبي, volume 2:

     لِعَيْنَيْكِ مَا يَلْقَى ٱلْفُؤَادُ وَمَا لَقِي / وَلِلْحُبِّ مَا لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنِّي وَمَا بَقِي / وَمَا كُنْتُ مِِمَّنْ يَدْخُلُ ٱلْعِشْقُ قَلْبَهُ / وَلَٰكِنَّ مَنْ يُبْصِرْ جُفُونَكِ يَعْشَقِ

     liʕaynayki mā yalqā l-fuʔādu wamā laqī / walilḥubbi mā lam yabqa minnī wamā baqī / wamā kuntu miimman yadḵulu l-ʕišqu qalbahu / walākinna man yubṣir jufūnaki yaʕšaqi

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. passion

Declension

Declension of noun عِشْق (ʕišq)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عِشْق ʕišq	الْعِشْق al-ʕišq	عِشْق ʕišq
nominative	عِشْقٌ ʕišqun	الْعِشْقُ al-ʕišqu	عِشْقُ ʕišqu
accusative	عِشْقًا ʕišqan	الْعِشْقَ al-ʕišqa	عِشْقَ ʕišqa
genitive	عِشْقٍ ʕišqin	الْعِشْقِ al-ʕišqi	عِشْقِ ʕišqi

Descendants

• Hijazi Arabic: عشق (ʕišg)
• Maltese: għaxqa
• → Bashkir: ғишыҡ (ğişıq)
• → Classical Persian: عِشْق (išq)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: इश्क़ (iśq)

    Urdu: عِشْق ('iśq)

  • → Chagatai: عشق (ʿšq)
    • Uyghur: ئىشق (ishq)
    • Uzbek: ishq
  • → Marathi: इश्क (iśka)
  • → Old Anatolian Turkish: عشق (ʼeşq)
    • Azerbaijani: eşq
    • Ottoman Turkish: عشق (ʼaşk)
      • Turkish: aşk
      • → Crimean Tatar: aşq
    • → Crimean Tatar: eşq
    • → Zazaki: eşq
• → Turkmen: yşk

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕa.ʃi.qa/

Verb

عَشِقَ • (ʕašiqa) I (non-past يَعْشَقُ (yaʕšaqu), verbal noun عِشْق (ʕišq))

1. to fall in love; to love excessively; to adore
   • 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi, ديوان أبي الطيب المتنبي, volume 2:

     لِعَيْنَيْكِ مَا يَلْقَى ٱلْفُؤَادُ وَمَا لَقِي / وَلِلْحُبِّ مَا لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنِّي وَمَا بَقِي / وَمَا كُنْتُ مِِمَّنْ يَدْخُلُ ٱلْعِشْقُ قَلْبَهُ / وَلَٰكِنَّ مَنْ يُبْصِرْ جُفُونَكِ يَعْشَقِ

     liʕaynayki mā yalqā l-fuʔādu wamā laqī / walilḥubbi mā lam yabqa minnī wamā baqī / wamā kuntu miimman yadḵulu l-ʕišqu qalbahu / walākinna man yubṣir jufūnaki yaʕšaqi

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Conjugation of عَشِقَ (I, sound, i ~ a, full passive, verbal noun عِشْق)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						عِشْق ʕišq
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						عَاشِق ʕāšiq
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَعْشُوق, عَشِيق maʕšūq, ʕašīq
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَشِقْتُ ʕašiqtu	عَشِقْتَ ʕašiqta	عَشِقَ ʕašiqa		عَشِقْتُمَا ʕašiqtumā	عَشِقَا ʕašiqā		عَشِقْنَا ʕašiqnā	عَشِقْتُمْ ʕašiqtum	عَشِقُوا ʕašiqū
	f		عَشِقْتِ ʕašiqti	عَشِقَتْ ʕašiqat			عَشِقَتَا ʕašiqatā			عَشِقْتُنَّ ʕašiqtunna	عَشِقْنَ ʕašiqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَعْشَقُ ʔaʕšaqu	تَعْشَقُ taʕšaqu	يَعْشَقُ yaʕšaqu		تَعْشَقَانِ taʕšaqāni	يَعْشَقَانِ yaʕšaqāni		نَعْشَقُ naʕšaqu	تَعْشَقُونَ taʕšaqūna	يَعْشَقُونَ yaʕšaqūna
	f		تَعْشَقِينَ taʕšaqīna	تَعْشَقُ taʕšaqu			تَعْشَقَانِ taʕšaqāni			تَعْشَقْنَ taʕšaqna	يَعْشَقْنَ yaʕšaqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَعْشَقَ ʔaʕšaqa	تَعْشَقَ taʕšaqa	يَعْشَقَ yaʕšaqa		تَعْشَقَا taʕšaqā	يَعْشَقَا yaʕšaqā		نَعْشَقَ naʕšaqa	تَعْشَقُوا taʕšaqū	يَعْشَقُوا yaʕšaqū
	f		تَعْشَقِي taʕšaqī	تَعْشَقَ taʕšaqa			تَعْشَقَا taʕšaqā			تَعْشَقْنَ taʕšaqna	يَعْشَقْنَ yaʕšaqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَعْشَقْ ʔaʕšaq	تَعْشَقْ taʕšaq	يَعْشَقْ yaʕšaq		تَعْشَقَا taʕšaqā	يَعْشَقَا yaʕšaqā		نَعْشَقْ naʕšaq	تَعْشَقُوا taʕšaqū	يَعْشَقُوا yaʕšaqū
	f		تَعْشَقِي taʕšaqī	تَعْشَقْ taʕšaq			تَعْشَقَا taʕšaqā			تَعْشَقْنَ taʕšaqna	يَعْشَقْنَ yaʕšaqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِعْشَقْ iʕšaq			اِعْشَقَا iʕšaqā				اِعْشَقُوا iʕšaqū
	f		اِعْشَقِي iʕšaqī							اِعْشَقْنَ iʕšaqna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُشِقْتُ ʕušiqtu	عُشِقْتَ ʕušiqta	عُشِقَ ʕušiqa		عُشِقْتُمَا ʕušiqtumā	عُشِقَا ʕušiqā		عُشِقْنَا ʕušiqnā	عُشِقْتُمْ ʕušiqtum	عُشِقُوا ʕušiqū
	f		عُشِقْتِ ʕušiqti	عُشِقَتْ ʕušiqat			عُشِقَتَا ʕušiqatā			عُشِقْتُنَّ ʕušiqtunna	عُشِقْنَ ʕušiqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعْشَقُ ʔuʕšaqu	تُعْشَقُ tuʕšaqu	يُعْشَقُ yuʕšaqu		تُعْشَقَانِ tuʕšaqāni	يُعْشَقَانِ yuʕšaqāni		نُعْشَقُ nuʕšaqu	تُعْشَقُونَ tuʕšaqūna	يُعْشَقُونَ yuʕšaqūna
	f		تُعْشَقِينَ tuʕšaqīna	تُعْشَقُ tuʕšaqu			تُعْشَقَانِ tuʕšaqāni			تُعْشَقْنَ tuʕšaqna	يُعْشَقْنَ yuʕšaqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعْشَقَ ʔuʕšaqa	تُعْشَقَ tuʕšaqa	يُعْشَقَ yuʕšaqa		تُعْشَقَا tuʕšaqā	يُعْشَقَا yuʕšaqā		نُعْشَقَ nuʕšaqa	تُعْشَقُوا tuʕšaqū	يُعْشَقُوا yuʕšaqū
	f		تُعْشَقِي tuʕšaqī	تُعْشَقَ tuʕšaqa			تُعْشَقَا tuʕšaqā			تُعْشَقْنَ tuʕšaqna	يُعْشَقْنَ yuʕšaqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعْشَقْ ʔuʕšaq	تُعْشَقْ tuʕšaq	يُعْشَقْ yuʕšaq		تُعْشَقَا tuʕšaqā	يُعْشَقَا yuʕšaqā		نُعْشَقْ nuʕšaq	تُعْشَقُوا tuʕšaqū	يُعْشَقُوا yuʕšaqū
	f		تُعْشَقِي tuʕšaqī	تُعْشَقْ tuʕšaq			تُعْشَقَا tuʕšaqā			تُعْشَقْنَ tuʕšaqna	يُعْشَقْنَ yuʕšaqna

Etymology 1.3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕaʃ.ʃa.qa/

Verb

عَشَّقَ • (ʕaššaqa) II (non-past يُعَشِّقُ (yuʕaššiqu), verbal noun تَعْشِيق (taʕšīq))

1. to join
2. to connect

Conjugation

Conjugation of عَشَّقَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَعْشِيق)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَعْشِيق taʕšīq
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُعَشِّق muʕaššiq
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُعَشَّق muʕaššaq
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَشَّقْتُ ʕaššaqtu	عَشَّقْتَ ʕaššaqta	عَشَّقَ ʕaššaqa		عَشَّقْتُمَا ʕaššaqtumā	عَشَّقَا ʕaššaqā		عَشَّقْنَا ʕaššaqnā	عَشَّقْتُمْ ʕaššaqtum	عَشَّقُوا ʕaššaqū
	f		عَشَّقْتِ ʕaššaqti	عَشَّقَتْ ʕaššaqat			عَشَّقَتَا ʕaššaqatā			عَشَّقْتُنَّ ʕaššaqtunna	عَشَّقْنَ ʕaššaqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَشِّقُ ʔuʕaššiqu	تُعَشِّقُ tuʕaššiqu	يُعَشِّقُ yuʕaššiqu		تُعَشِّقَانِ tuʕaššiqāni	يُعَشِّقَانِ yuʕaššiqāni		نُعَشِّقُ nuʕaššiqu	تُعَشِّقُونَ tuʕaššiqūna	يُعَشِّقُونَ yuʕaššiqūna
	f		تُعَشِّقِينَ tuʕaššiqīna	تُعَشِّقُ tuʕaššiqu			تُعَشِّقَانِ tuʕaššiqāni			تُعَشِّقْنَ tuʕaššiqna	يُعَشِّقْنَ yuʕaššiqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَشِّقَ ʔuʕaššiqa	تُعَشِّقَ tuʕaššiqa	يُعَشِّقَ yuʕaššiqa		تُعَشِّقَا tuʕaššiqā	يُعَشِّقَا yuʕaššiqā		نُعَشِّقَ nuʕaššiqa	تُعَشِّقُوا tuʕaššiqū	يُعَشِّقُوا yuʕaššiqū
	f		تُعَشِّقِي tuʕaššiqī	تُعَشِّقَ tuʕaššiqa			تُعَشِّقَا tuʕaššiqā			تُعَشِّقْنَ tuʕaššiqna	يُعَشِّقْنَ yuʕaššiqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَشِّقْ ʔuʕaššiq	تُعَشِّقْ tuʕaššiq	يُعَشِّقْ yuʕaššiq		تُعَشِّقَا tuʕaššiqā	يُعَشِّقَا yuʕaššiqā		نُعَشِّقْ nuʕaššiq	تُعَشِّقُوا tuʕaššiqū	يُعَشِّقُوا yuʕaššiqū
	f		تُعَشِّقِي tuʕaššiqī	تُعَشِّقْ tuʕaššiq			تُعَشِّقَا tuʕaššiqā			تُعَشِّقْنَ tuʕaššiqna	يُعَشِّقْنَ yuʕaššiqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		عَشِّقْ ʕaššiq			عَشِّقَا ʕaššiqā				عَشِّقُوا ʕaššiqū
	f		عَشِّقِي ʕaššiqī							عَشِّقْنَ ʕaššiqna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُشِّقْتُ ʕuššiqtu	عُشِّقْتَ ʕuššiqta	عُشِّقَ ʕuššiqa		عُشِّقْتُمَا ʕuššiqtumā	عُشِّقَا ʕuššiqā		عُشِّقْنَا ʕuššiqnā	عُشِّقْتُمْ ʕuššiqtum	عُشِّقُوا ʕuššiqū
	f		عُشِّقْتِ ʕuššiqti	عُشِّقَتْ ʕuššiqat			عُشِّقَتَا ʕuššiqatā			عُشِّقْتُنَّ ʕuššiqtunna	عُشِّقْنَ ʕuššiqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَشَّقُ ʔuʕaššaqu	تُعَشَّقُ tuʕaššaqu	يُعَشَّقُ yuʕaššaqu		تُعَشَّقَانِ tuʕaššaqāni	يُعَشَّقَانِ yuʕaššaqāni		نُعَشَّقُ nuʕaššaqu	تُعَشَّقُونَ tuʕaššaqūna	يُعَشَّقُونَ yuʕaššaqūna
	f		تُعَشَّقِينَ tuʕaššaqīna	تُعَشَّقُ tuʕaššaqu			تُعَشَّقَانِ tuʕaššaqāni			تُعَشَّقْنَ tuʕaššaqna	يُعَشَّقْنَ yuʕaššaqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَشَّقَ ʔuʕaššaqa	تُعَشَّقَ tuʕaššaqa	يُعَشَّقَ yuʕaššaqa		تُعَشَّقَا tuʕaššaqā	يُعَشَّقَا yuʕaššaqā		نُعَشَّقَ nuʕaššaqa	تُعَشَّقُوا tuʕaššaqū	يُعَشَّقُوا yuʕaššaqū
	f		تُعَشَّقِي tuʕaššaqī	تُعَشَّقَ tuʕaššaqa			تُعَشَّقَا tuʕaššaqā			تُعَشَّقْنَ tuʕaššaqna	يُعَشَّقْنَ yuʕaššaqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَشَّقْ ʔuʕaššaq	تُعَشَّقْ tuʕaššaq	يُعَشَّقْ yuʕaššaq		تُعَشَّقَا tuʕaššaqā	يُعَشَّقَا yuʕaššaqā		نُعَشَّقْ nuʕaššaq	تُعَشَّقُوا tuʕaššaqū	يُعَشَّقُوا yuʕaššaqū
	f		تُعَشَّقِي tuʕaššaqī	تُعَشَّقْ tuʕaššaq			تُعَشَّقَا tuʕaššaqā			تُعَشَّقْنَ tuʕaššaqna	يُعَشَّقْنَ yuʕaššaqna

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ع ش ق
2 terms

Etymology 1

Inherited from Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕiʃɡ/, [ʕɪʃɡ]

Noun

عِشْق • (ʕišg) m

1. liking with desire (lust), being in love; romantic love (particularly when very strong)
2. passion

Etymology 2

Inherited from Arabic عَشِقَ (ʕašiqa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕi.ʃiɡ/, [ʕɪʃɪɡ]

Verb

عِشِق • (ʕišig) I (non-past يِعْشَق (yiʕšag))

1. to fall in love; to love excessively; to adore

Conjugation

Conjugation of عشق

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	عشقت (ʕišigt)	عشقت (ʕišigt)	عشق (ʕišig)		عشقنا (ʕišigna)	عشقتوا (ʕišigtu)	عشقوا (ʕišgu)
	f		عشقتي (ʕišigti)	عشقت (ʕišgat)
non-past	m	أعشق (ʔaʕšag)	تعشق (tiʕšag)	يعشق (yiʕšag)		نعشق (niʕšag)	تعشقوا (tiʕšagu)	يعشقوا (yiʕšagu)
	f		تعشقي (tiʕšagi)	تعشق (tiʕšag)
imperative	m		اعشق (aʕšag)				اعشقوا (aʕšagu)
	f		اعشقي (aʕšagi)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Arabic عَشَّقَ (ʕaššaqa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕaʃ.ʃaɡ/

Verb

عَشَّق • (ʕaššag) II (non-past يِعَشِّق (yiʕaššig))

1. to connect (used with vehicle's gear)

Conjugation

Conjugation of عشق

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	عشقت (ʕaššagt)	عشقت (ʕaššagt)	عشق (ʕaššag)		عشقنا (ʕaššagna)	عشقتوا (ʕaššagtu)	عشقوا (ʕaššagu)
	f		عشقتي (ʕaššagti)	عشقت (ʕaššagat)
non-past	m	أعشق (ʔaʕaššig)	تعشق (tiʕaššig)	يعشق (yiʕaššig)		نعشق (niʕaššig)	تعشقوا (tiʕaššigu)	يعشقوا (yiʕaššigu)
	f		تعشقي (tiʕaššigi)	تعشق (tiʕaššig)
imperative	m		عشق (ʕaššig)				عشقوا (ʕaššigu)
	f		عشقي (ʕaššigi)

Old Anatolian Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian عِشْق (išq), from Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq).

Noun

عشق • (ʼeşq)

1. love

   Synonyms: سوو (sevü), سوكو (sevgü)

Derived terms

• عشق آلمق (ʼeşq almaq, “to fall in love”)
• عشق اری (ʼeşq äri, “male lover”)
• عشق كودمك (ʼeşq güdmäk, “to suffer from love”)
• عشقنه (ʼeşqinä, “for the love of”)

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: eşq
• Ottoman Turkish: عشق (ʼaşk)
  • Turkish: aşk
  • → Crimean Tatar: aşq
• → Crimean Tatar: eşq
• → Zazaki: eşq

Further reading

• Kanar, Mehmet (2018), “ışk”, in Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Sözlüğü [Old Anatolian Turkish Dictionary] (in Turkish), 2nd edition, Istanbul: Say Yayınları, page 357
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “aşk”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish عشق, from Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq).

Noun

عشق • (ʼışk, ʼişk, ʼaşk) (definite accusative عشقی (ʼışkı))

1. love, passion

   Synonyms: محبت (muhabbet), سوكی (sevgi)

Declension

Declension of عشق (ʼışk)

singular plural nominative عشق (ʼışk) – definite accusative عشقی (ʼışkı) – dative عشقه (ʼışka) – locative عشقده (ʼışkda) – ablative عشقدن (ʼışkdan) – genitive عشقك (ʼışkıñ) – Possessive forms 1st person singular singular plural nominative عشقم (ʼışkım) – definite accusative عشقمی (ʼışkımı) – dative عشقمه (ʼışkıma) – locative عشقمده (ʼışkımda) – ablative عشقمدن (ʼışkımdan) – genitive عشقمك (ʼışkımıñ) – 2nd person singular singular plural nominative عشقك (ʼışkıñ) – definite accusative عشقكی (ʼışkıñı) – dative عشقكه (ʼışkıña) – locative عشقكده (ʼışkıñda) – ablative عشقكدن (ʼışkıñdan) – genitive عشقكك (ʼışkıñıñ) – 3rd person singular singular plural nominative عشقی (ʼışkı) – definite accusative عشقنی (ʼışkını) – dative عشقنه (ʼışkına) – locative عشقنده (ʼışkında) – ablative عشقندن (ʼışkından) – genitive عشقنك (ʼışkınıñ) – 1st person plural singular plural nominative عشقمز (ʼışkımız) – definite accusative عشقمزی (ʼışkımızı) – dative عشقمزه (ʼışkımıza) – locative عشقمزده (ʼışkımızda) – ablative عشقمزدن (ʼışkımızdan) – genitive عشقمزك (ʼışkımızıñ) – 2nd person plural singular plural nominative عشقكز (ʼışkıñız) – definite accusative عشقكزی (ʼışkıñızı) – dative عشقكزه (ʼışkıñıza) – locative عشقكزده (ʼışkıñızda) – ablative عشقكزدن (ʼışkıñızdan) – genitive عشقكزك (ʼışkıñızıñ) – 3rd person plural singular plural nominative عشقلری (ʼışkları) – definite accusative عشقلرینی (ʼışklarını) – dative عشقلرینه (ʼışklarına) – locative عشقلرنده (ʼışklarında) – ablative عشقلرندن (ʼışklarından) – genitive عشقلرینك (ʼışklarınıñ) –

Derived terms

• عشقنه (ʼışkına, “for the love of”)

Related terms

Ottoman Turkish terms derived from the Arabic root ع ش ق (0 c, 3 e)

Descendants

• Turkish: aşk

Further reading

• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “عشق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1302

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈʔiʃq/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪʃq]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪʃq]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪʃq]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔiʃq]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔeʃɢ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔiʃq]

• Rhymes: -iʃq

Readings
Classical reading?	'išq
Dari reading?	išq
Iranian reading?	'ešġ
Tajik reading?	'išq

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

عشق • (išq / ešġ) (plural عشق‌ها (išq-hā / ešġ-hâ), Tajik spelling ишқ)

1. love (romantic emotion); passion

   دَرْدِ عِشْق ― dard-e 'ešq ― pain of love

   • late 14th century, Xāja Shams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, “اگر آن ترک شیرازی به دست آرد دل ما را (Shirazi Turk)”, in دیوان حافظ [Divān of Ḥāfeẓ]:

     ز عشق ناتمام ما جمال یار مستغنی است

     zi išq-i nātamām-i mā jamāl-i yār mustaġnī ast

     Of my imperfect love the glory of the beloved is independent

     (Classical romanization)

   • c. 1650, Chandar Bhan Brahman, دیوان برهمن [The Brahman's divan], Lahore; Mughal Empire:

     چو درد عشق رسد خواهش دوا کفر است

     čō dard-i išq rasad xwāhiš-i dawā kufr ast

     When the pain of love arrives, the desire for medicine is infidelity

     (Indian Persian, Classical romanization)

   • 1915, محمود طرزی, (Mahmud Tarzi), translated by Wali Ahmadi (Modern Persian Literature in Afghanistan), پراکنده مجموعه اشعار [Collection of Scatted Poems], Kabul; Afghanistan: 'Ināyat Press:

     هر کس که دل به عشق وطن کرد مبتلا، ایمان و عقل و دین نشود هیچ از و جدا.

     har kas ki dil ba išq-i watan kard mubtalā, īmān u aql u dīn našawad hēč az u judā

     That one who is ever consumed by love for his homeland: faith, reason, and belief shall never abandon him.

     (Dari, Classical romanization)

2. one's love, the beloved

   عِشْقِ مَن ― ešq-e man ― my love

Usage notes

• Unlike the Arabic word, Persian عشق does not have an overtone of “excessive” or “crazy love”.

Derived terms

• عشق انگیز (išq angēz / ešġ angiz)
• عشق حقیقی (išq haqīqī / ešġ haġiġi, “true love”)
• عشق مجازی (išq majāzī / ešġ majâzi)
• عشق ورزی (išq warzī / ešġ varzi)
• عشقبازی (išqbāzī / ešġbâzi)
• عشقی (išqī / ešġi)

Descendants

• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: इश्क़ (iśq)

  Urdu: عِشْق ('iśq)

• → Chagatai: عشق (ʿšq)
  • Uyghur: ئىشق (ishq)
  • Uzbek: ishq
• → Marathi: इश्क (iśka)
• → Old Anatolian Turkish: عشق (ʼeşq)
  • Azerbaijani: eşq
  • Ottoman Turkish: عشق (ʼaşk)
    • Turkish: aşk
    • → Crimean Tatar: aşq
  • → Crimean Tatar: eşq
  • → Zazaki: eşq

Punjabi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq)bor.

Classical Persian عِشْق (išq)bor.

Punjabi عِشْق

Borrowed from Classical Persian عِشْق (išq), borrowed from Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /ɪʃq/, [ɪ.ʃə̆k(ə̆)~ɪʃk(ə̆)]
• (Pakistan) IPA^(key): [ɪ˩˥ʃk(ə̆)]

Noun

عِشْق • (ʻiśq) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਇਸ਼ਕ or ਇਸ਼ਕ਼)

1. love (intense love, passionate love)
2. (figuratively) passion, fondness

Declension

Declension of عشق

	singular	plural
direct	عِشْق (ʻiśq)	عِشْق (ʻiśq)
oblique	عِشْق (ʻiśq)	عِشْقاں (ʻiśqāṉ)
vocative	عِشْقا (ʻiśqā)	عِشْقو (ʻiśqo)
ablative	عِشْقوں (ʻiśqoṉ)	—
locative	عِشْقے (ʻiśqe)	عِشْقِیں (ʻiśqīṉ)
instrumental	عِشْقوں (ʻiśqoṉ)	–

Further reading

• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002), “عِشق”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: عزیز پبلشرز [ʻazīz pabliśarz]
• “ਇਸ਼ਕ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2026

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ع ش ق
1 term

Etymology 1

Inherited from Arabic عَشِقَ (ʕašiqa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Urban) /ʕi.ʃiʔ/, [ˈʕi.ʃɪʔ]
• IPA^(key): (Bedouin) /ʕi.ʃiɡ/, [ˈʕi.ʃɪɡ]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

عشق • (ʕišiʔ) I (present بعشق (biʕšaʔ))

1. to fall in love

   Synonym: وقع بغرام (wiʔiʕ bi-ḡarām)

2. to absorb a smell (of fabric)

Conjugation

Conjugation of عشق

		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	عشقت (ʕšiʔt)	عشقت (ʕšiʔt)	عشق (ʕišiʔ)		عشقنا (ʕšiʔna)	عشقتو (ʕšiʔtu)	عشقو (ʕišʔu)
	f		عشقتي (ʕšiʔti)	عشقت (ʕišʔat)
present	m	بعشق (baʕšaʔ)	بتعشق (btiʕšaʔ)	بعشق (biʕšaʔ)		منعشق (mniʕšaʔ)	بتعشقو (btiʕšaʔu)	بعشقو (biʕšaʔu)
	f		بتعشقي (btiʕšaʔi)	بتعشق (btiʕšaʔ)
subjunctive	m	أعشق (ʔaʕšaʔ)	تعشق (tiʕšaʔ)	يعشق (yiʕšaʔ)		نعشق (niʕšaʔ)	تعشقو (tiʕšaʔu)	يعشقو (yiʕšaʔu)
	f		تعشقي (tiʕšaʔi)	تعشق (tiʕšaʔ)
imperative	m		اعشق (iʕšaʔ)				اعشقو (iʕšaʔu)
	f		اعشقي (iʕšaʔi)

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕiʃq/, [ʕɪʃq]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

عشق • (ʕišq) m

1. love, passion, infatuation

   Synonym: غرام (ḡarām)

See also

• حبّ (ḥobb, “love”), محبّة (maḥabbe, “love, affection”)

Urdu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq)bor.

Classical Persian عِشْق (išq)bor.

Urdu عِشْق

Borrowed from Classical Persian عِشْق (išq), borrowed from Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq). First attested in c. 1564 as Middle Hindi عشق ('śq /⁠'iśq⁠/).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɪʃq/

• Audio (Pakistan):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪʃq

Noun

عِشْق • ('iśq) m (Hindi spelling इश्क़)

1. love (intense love, passionate love)

   Synonyms: پْیار (pyār), مُحَبَّت (muhabbat), پْریم (prem)

   تیرے عشق میں ہم نے کیا کیا نہ دیکھا؟

   tere iśq mẽ ham ne kyā kyā na dekhā?

   What did I not see in your love?

2. (figuratively) passion

   Synonym: جَذْبَہ (jazba)

3. (mysticism) devotion

Declension

Declension of عشق

	singular	plural
direct	عِشْق ('iśq)	عِشْق ('iśq)
oblique	عِشْق ('iśq)	عِشْقوں ('iśqõ)
vocative	عِشْق ('iśq)	عِشْقو ('iśqo)

Further reading

• “عشق”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.
• Fallon, Platts, Qureshi, Shakespear (2024), “عشق”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Urdu Dictionaries]