ـدا

See also: دا

Punjabi

Alternative forms

• ـندا (-ndā) — postvocalic

Etymology

From the masculine singular accusative of Sanskrit -अत् (-at), -अन्तम् (-antam), (with a later extension in MIA) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-). Cognate with Hindi -ता (-tā), Belarusian -у́чы (-účy), and German -end.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /d̪äː/
• (colloquial, Canada) IPA^(key): [d̪ɐ(ˑ)]
• Rhymes: -äː

Suffix

ـدا • (-dā) (Gurmukhi spelling -ਦਾ)

1. used to form the masculine singular habitual participle from verb stems

   ‎دَھرِیک (dharīk) + ‎ـدا (-dā) → ‎دَھرِیکدا (dharīkdā)

Usage notes

• Before consonant‑final noun stems, this suffix attaches without change (e.g. ‎دَھرِیک (dharīk) + ‎ـدا (-dā) → ‎دَھرِیکدا (dharīkdā)). However, with stems ending in a vowel it normally nasalizes that vowel and often inserts a weakly articulated /n/, as in: ‎پِ (pi) + ‎ـدا (-dā) → ‎پِندا (pindā)

In most cases this nasalization reflects an original nasal consonant from Prakrit -𑀅𑀦𑁆𑀢 (-anta).

• The participle declines differently than adjectives, particularly in the direct feminine plural:

  This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Uyghur

Suffix

ـدا • (-da)

1. locative case suffix

See also

Uyghur case suffixes

	voiced consonant		unvoiced consonant
	back vowel	front vowel	back vowel	front vowel
nominative	—
genitive	ـنىڭ (-ning)
accusative	ـنى (-ni)
dative	ـغا (-gha)	ـگە (-ge)	ـقا (-qa)	ـكە (-ke) ـقە (-qe)
locative	ـدا (-da)	ـدە (-de)	ـتا (-ta)	ـتە (-te)
ablative	ـدىن (-din)		ـتىن (-tin)
locative-qualitative	ـدىكى (-diki)		ـتىكى (-tiki)
limitative	ـغىچە (-ghiche)	ـگىچە (-giche)	ـقىچە (-qiche)	ـكىچە (-kiche)
similitude	ـدەك (-dek)		ـتەك (-tek)
equivalence	ـچىلىك (-chilik) ـچە (-che)
representative	ـنىڭكى (-ningki)

• Appendix:Uyghur suffixes