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ـی

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Northern Kurdish

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Suffix

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ـی ()

  1. Arabic spelling of

Ottoman Turkish

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Etymology 1

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Suffix

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ـی (-ı, -i, -u, -ü)

  1. 3rd-person possessive suffix
    قیامت كونی
    kıyamet günü
    judgement day

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Classical Persian ی (-yi).

Particle

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ی (-yi, -yı)

  1. Form of the ezafe particle ـِ for words ending in the vowels ـا () and ـو (-u, -o).
    صحرا‌ی کبیرSahra-yı Kebirthe Sahara (literally, “the great desert”)
Usage notes
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It is never joining.

Descendants
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  • Turkish: -yi, -yı

Etymology 3

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Borrowed from Classical Persian ـِی ().

Suffix

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ـی (-i)

  1. Forms adjectives (often nominalizable ones) from nouns.
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Turkish: -i

Etymology 4

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Borrowed from Classical Persian ـِی ().

Suffix

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ـی (-i)

  1. Forms abstract nouns, including names of professions or offices, from adjectives, occupational nouns, or titles.
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Turkish: -i

Persian

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Persian 𐭸 (1 /⁠ē(w)⁠/),[1] from Old Persian 𐎠𐎡𐎺 (a-i-v /⁠aiva⁠/), Proto-Iranian *Háywah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háywas, from Proto-Indo-European *óywos. Compare Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), and Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (aēuua).

Alternative forms

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  • ای (ē / i) (used for words ending in ـه (-a / -e))
  • ـیی ( / -i) (used for words ending in ـا (ā / â) or ـو (ū, ō / u))

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? -ē, yē
Dari reading? -ē, yē
Iranian reading? -i, yi
Tajik reading? -e, ye
  • Notes: Never takes stress.

Suffix

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ـی ( / -i) (Tajik spelling )

  1. a, one; marks a noun phrase as indefinite or non-specific, especially in the literary language
    Synonym: (colloquial) یه (ye)
    سگیsag-ia dog
  2. marks a noun phrase attributed by a subordinate clause as restrictive
    ساختمانی که علی در آن زندگی می‌کند بزرگ است.
    sâxtemân-i ke 'ali dar ân zendegi mi-konad bozorg ast.
    The building where Ali lives is big.
    Contrast with:
    آن ساختمان که علی در آن زندگی می‌کند بزرگ است.
    ân sâxtemân ke 'ali dar ân zendegi mi-konad bozorg ast.
    That building, where Ali lives, is big.

Etymology 2

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    From Middle Persian -yk' / 𐭩𐭪𐭩 (yky /⁠-īg⁠/),[2] itself from Old Persian -𐎡𐎣 (-ikah) (see there for further origin). Cognates include Northern Kurdish , Sanskrit -कस (-kasa), Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ, Latin -icus, Old English -iġ, English -y. There is no evidence to support a relation with the Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy) which however does merge with this suffix exclusively in some Arabic loanwords. See ـه (-e) for another instance where the 'g' phoneme is removed from the end of the Middle Persian suffix in its New Persian form. For a few examples in which the final 'g' phoneme in Middle Persian -yk' / 𐭩𐭪𐭩 (yky /⁠-īg⁠/) was transformed to a 'k' phoneme instead of being lost during the transition from Middle to New Persian, refer to تاریک (târik, dark), باریک (bârik, thin, narrow, delicate), تازیک (tâzik, Arab) and نزدیک (nazdik, near).

    Alternative forms

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    • ای (ī / i) (used for words ending in ـه (

    -a / -e))

    • ـیی (-yi) (used for words ending in ـا (ā / â) or ـو (ū, ō / u))

    Pronunciation

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    Readings
    Classical reading? -ī, yī
    Dari reading? -ī, yī
    Iranian reading? -i, yi
    Tajik reading? -i, yi
    • Notes: Always takes stress.

    Suffix

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    ـی ( / -i) (Tajik spelling )

    1. Forms adjectives (often nominalizable ones) from nouns.
      1. of or pertaining to
        خورشید (xoršid, sun) + ‎ـی → ‎خورشیدی (xoršidi, solar, adjective)
        پسته (peste, pistachio) + ‎ای → ‎پسته‌ای (peste-i, containing pistachio (adjective); pistachio green (adjective); pistachio green (noun))
      2. from or belonging to
        پارس (pârs, Pars / Fars) + ‎ـی → ‎پارسی (pârsi, Persian, adjective, noun)
        تهران (tehrân, Tehran) + ‎ـی → ‎تهرانی (tehrâni, Tehrani, adjective, noun)
        آسیا (âsiyâ, Asia) + ‎ـیی → ‎آسیایی (âsiyâyi, Asian, adjective, noun)
      3. able to, capable of being, deserved to be, determined to, and/or destined to
        خوردن (xordan, to eat) + ‎ـی → ‎خوردنی (xordani, edible (adjective); something edible (noun))
        رفتن (raftan, to go) + ‎ـی → ‎رفتنی (raftani, destined to leave)
      4. surnames (derived from previous senses)
        سلیمان (soleymân) + ‎ـی → ‎سلیمانی (soleymâni)
        رضا (rezâ) + ‎ـیی → ‎رضایی (rezâyi)
        خامنه (xâmene) + ‎ای → ‎خامنه‌ای (xâmene-i)
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    • Ottoman Turkish: ـی (-i)
      • Turkish: -i

    Etymology 3

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      From Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /⁠-īh⁠/).[2]

      Alternative forms

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      • ـگی ( / gi) (used for words ending in ـه (-a / -e))
      • ـیی ( / yi) (used for words ending in ـا (ā / â) or ـو (ū, ō / u))

      Pronunciation

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      Readings
      Classical reading?
      Dari reading?
      Iranian reading? -i
      Tajik reading? -i
      • Notes: Always takes stress.

      Suffix

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      ـی ( / -i) (Tajik spelling )

      1. Forms abstract nouns, including names of professions or offices, from adjectives, occupational nouns, or titles.
        1. forms abstract nouns, from adjectives
          بزرگ (bozorg, big) + ‎ـی → ‎بزرگی (bozorgi, bigness)
          شیرین (širin, sweet) + ‎ـی → ‎شیرینی (širini, sweetness)
          یگانه (yegâne, unique) + ‎ـگی → ‎یگانگی (yegânegi, uniqueness)
        2. forms the name of a profession, and the place where it is practiced, from an occupational noun
          خیاط (xayyât, tailor) + ‎ـی → ‎خیاطی (xayyâti, tailoring; tailor shop)
          نویسنده (nevisande, writer, author) + ‎ـگی → ‎نویسندگی (nevisandegi, writing, authorship)
        3. forms the name of an office, from a title
          خان (xân, khan) + ‎ـی → ‎خانی (xâni, khanship)
          خلیفه (xalife, caliph) + ‎ـگی → ‎خلیفگی (xalifegi, caliphship)
      Derived terms
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      Descendants
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      • Azerbaijani: -i
      • Chagatai: ـی
      • Hindustani:
        Hindi: -ई ()
        Urdu: ـی ()
      • Ottoman Turkish: ـی (-i)
        • Turkish: -i

      Etymology 4

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      See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

      Pronunciation

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      Readings
      Classical reading? -yi
      Dari reading? -yi
      Iranian reading? -ye
      Tajik reading? -yi
      • Notes: Never takes stress.

      Particle

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      ی (-yi / -ye) (Tajik spelling )

      1. alternative form of ـِ (i / e, ezâfe particle)

      References

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      1. ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 31
      2. 2.0 2.1 MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 45

      Urdu

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      Etymology 1

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      Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀇𑀅 (-ia), from Sanskrit -इक (-ika, diminutive suffix) or Sanskrit -ईय (-īya, adjectival suffix). Later influenced by Persian ـی (-i).

      Suffix

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      ـی () (Hindi spelling -ई)

      1. relating to, forms adjectives from nouns
        جوکِھم (jokhim, risk) + ‎ـِی () → ‎جوکِھمِی (jokhimī, risky)
        پِسْتَہ (pista, pistachio) + ‎ـِی () → ‎پِسْتَئِی (pistaī, having the color of [shelled] pistachios)

      Etymology 2

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      Borrowed from the nominative singular form of Sanskrit -इन् (-in, doer, possessor).

      Suffix

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      ـی (īm (Hindi spelling -ई)

      1. doer, possessor
        ساتھ (sāth, company, support) + ‎ـی () → ‎ساتھی (sāthī, companion, partner)
        روگ (rog, sickness, disease) + ‎ـی () → ‎روگی (rogī, sick person, patient)

      Etymology 3

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        Borrowed from Classical Persian ـی (), from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /⁠-īh⁠/).

        Suffix

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        ـی (f (Hindi spelling -ई)

        1. forms abstract nouns from adjectives or common nouns
          روشن (rauśan, bright) + ‎ـی () → ‎روشنی (rauśnī, brightness)

        Derived terms

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