ـی
Northern Kurdish
[edit]Suffix
[edit]ـی (-î)
- Arabic spelling of -î
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]ـی • (-ı, -i, -u, -ü)
- 3rd-person possessive suffix
- قیامت كونی
- kıyamet günü
- judgement day
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian ی (-yi).
Particle
[edit]ی • (-yi, -yı)
- Form of the ezafe particle ـِ for words ending in the vowels ـا (-â) and ـو (-u, -o).
- صحرای کبیر ― Sahra-yı Kebir ― the Sahara (literally, “the great desert”)
Usage notes
[edit]It is never joining.
Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: -yi, -yı
Etymology 3
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian ـِی (-ī).
Suffix
[edit]ـی • (-i)
- Forms adjectives (often nominalizable ones) from nouns.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: -i
Etymology 4
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian ـِی (-ī).
Suffix
[edit]ـی • (-i)
- Forms abstract nouns, including names of professions or offices, from adjectives, occupational nouns, or titles.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: -i
Persian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Persian 𐭸 (1 /ē(w)/),[1] from Old Persian 𐎠𐎡𐎺 (a-i-v /aiva/), Proto-Iranian *Háywah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háywas, from Proto-Indo-European *óywos. Compare Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), and Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (aēuua).
Alternative forms
[edit]- ای (ē / i) (used for words ending in ـه (-a / -e))
- ـیی (-ē / -i) (used for words ending in ـا (ā / â) or ـو (ū, ō / u))
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [‿eː], [jeː]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [‿iː], [jiː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [‿e], [je]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | -ē, yē |
| Dari reading? | -ē, yē |
| Iranian reading? | -i, yi |
| Tajik reading? | -e, ye |
- Notes: Never takes stress.
Suffix
[edit]ـی • (-ē / -i) (Tajik spelling -е)
- a, one; marks a noun phrase as indefinite or non-specific, especially in the literary language
- Synonym: (colloquial) یه (ye)
- سگی ― sag-i ― a dog
- marks a noun phrase attributed by a subordinate clause as restrictive
- ساختمانی که علی در آن زندگی میکند بزرگ است.
- sâxtemân-i ke 'ali dar ân zendegi mi-konad bozorg ast.
- The building where Ali lives is big.
- Contrast with:
- آن ساختمان که علی در آن زندگی میکند بزرگ است.
- ân sâxtemân ke 'ali dar ân zendegi mi-konad bozorg ast.
- That building, where Ali lives, is big.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Persian -yk' / 𐭩𐭪𐭩 (yky /-īg/),[2] itself from Old Persian -𐎡𐎣 (-ikah) (see there for further origin). Cognates include Northern Kurdish -î, Sanskrit -कस (-kasa), Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ, Latin -icus, Old English -iġ, English -y. There is no evidence to support a relation with the Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy) which however does merge with this suffix exclusively in some Arabic loanwords. See ـه (-e) for another instance where the 'g' phoneme is removed from the end of the Middle Persian suffix in its New Persian form. For a few examples in which the final 'g' phoneme in Middle Persian -yk' / 𐭩𐭪𐭩 (yky /-īg/) was transformed to a 'k' phoneme instead of being lost during the transition from Middle to New Persian, refer to تاریک (târik, “dark”), باریک (bârik, “thin, narrow, delicate”), تازیک (tâzik, “Arab”) and نزدیک (nazdik, “near”).
Alternative forms
[edit]- ای (ī / i) (used for words ending in ـه (
-a / -e))
- ـیی (-yi) (used for words ending in ـا (ā / â) or ـو (ū, ō / u))
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [‿ˈiː], [ˈjiː]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [‿íː], [jíː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [‿í], [jí]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | -ī, yī |
| Dari reading? | -ī, yī |
| Iranian reading? | -i, yi |
| Tajik reading? | -i, yi |
- Notes: Always takes stress.
Suffix
[edit]ـی • (-ī / -i) (Tajik spelling -ӣ)
- Forms adjectives (often nominalizable ones) from nouns.
- of or pertaining to
- from or belonging to
- able to, capable of being, deserved to be, determined to, and/or destined to
- surnames (derived from previous senses)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]From Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /-īh/).[2]
Alternative forms
[edit]- ـگی (gī / gi) (used for words ending in ـه (-a / -e))
- ـیی (yī / yi) (used for words ending in ـا (ā / â) or ـو (ū, ō / u))
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [‿ˈiː]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [‿íː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [‿í]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | -ī |
| Dari reading? | -ī |
| Iranian reading? | -i |
| Tajik reading? | -i |
- Notes: Always takes stress.
Suffix
[edit]ـی • (-ī / -i) (Tajik spelling -ӣ)
- Forms abstract nouns, including names of professions or offices, from adjectives, occupational nouns, or titles.
- forms abstract nouns, from adjectives
- forms the name of a profession, and the place where it is practiced, from an occupational noun
- forms the name of an office, from a title
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [‿ji]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [‿je]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [‿ji]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | -yi |
| Dari reading? | -yi |
| Iranian reading? | -ye |
| Tajik reading? | -yi |
- Notes: Never takes stress.
Particle
[edit]ی • (-yi / -ye) (Tajik spelling -и)
References
[edit]- ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 31
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 45
Urdu
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀇𑀅 (-ia), from Sanskrit -इक (-ika, diminutive suffix) or Sanskrit -ईय (-īya, adjectival suffix). Later influenced by Persian ـی (-i).
Suffix
[edit]- relating to, forms adjectives from nouns
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from the nominative singular form of Sanskrit -इन् (-in, doer, possessor).
Suffix
[edit]ـی • (ī) m (Hindi spelling -ई)
Etymology 3
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian ـی (-ī), from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /-īh/).
Suffix
[edit]ـی • (-ī) f (Hindi spelling -ई)
- forms abstract nouns from adjectives or common nouns
Derived terms
[edit]- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish suffixes
- Northern Kurdish terms in Arabic script
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish suffixes
- Ottoman Turkish terms with usage examples
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Classical Persian
- Ottoman Turkish particles
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Old Persian
- Persian terms derived from Old Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian suffixes
- Persian terms with usage examples
- Persian particles
- Urdu terms inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Urdu terms derived from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Urdu terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Urdu terms derived from Sanskrit
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu suffixes
- Urdu terms spelled with ـ
- Urdu terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Urdu masculine suffixes
- Urdu terms borrowed from Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Persian
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Middle Persian
- Urdu feminine suffixes