ـی
Northern Kurdish
[edit]Suffix
[edit]ـی (-î)
- Arabic spelling of -î
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish ـی (-i, -ï), from Proto-Turkic *-i, from *-si (“3rd person singular possessive suffix”).
Suffix
[edit]ـی • (-ı, -i, -u, -ü)
- 3rd-person possessive suffix
- قیامت كونی
- kıyamet günü
- judgement day
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian ی (-yi).
Particle
[edit]ی • (-yi, -yı)
- Form of the ezafe particle ـِ for words ending in the vowels ـا (-â) and ـو (-u, -o).
- صحرای کبیر ― Sahra-yı Kebir ― the Sahara (literally, “the great desert”)
Usage notes
[edit]It is never joining.
Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: -yi, -yı
Etymology 3
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian ـِی (-ī).
Suffix
[edit]ـی • (-i)
- Forms adjectives (often nominalizable ones) from nouns.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: -i
Etymology 4
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian ـِی (-ī).
Suffix
[edit]ـی • (-i)
- Forms abstract nouns, including names of professions or offices, from adjectives, occupational nouns, or titles.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: -i
Persian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭸 (1 /ē(w)/),[1] from Old Persian 𐎠𐎡𐎺 (a-i-v /aiva/), from Proto-Iranian *Háywah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háywas, from Proto-Indo-European *óywos.
Alternative forms
[edit]- ای (ē / i) (used for words ending in ـه (-a / -e))
- ـیی (-ē / -i) (used for words ending in ـا (ā / â) or ـو (ū, ō / u))
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈ‿eː/, /ˈjeː/
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [‿iː], [jiː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [‿e], [je]
- Rhymes: -eː
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | -ē, yē |
| Dari reading? | -ē, yē |
| Iranian reading? | -i, yi |
| Tajik reading? | -e, ye |
- Notes: Never takes stress.
Suffix
[edit]ـی • (-ē / -i) (Tajik spelling -е)
- a, one; marks a noun phrase as indefinite or non-specific, especially in the literary language
- Synonym: (colloquial) یه (ye)
- سگی ― sag-i ― a dog
- marks the antecedent of a restrictive relative clause as definite
- ساختمانی که علی در آن زندگی میکند بزرگ است.
- sâxtemân-i ke 'ali dar ân zendegi mi-konad bozorg ast.
- The building where Ali lives is big.
- Contrast with:
- آن ساختمان که علی در آن زندگی میکند بزرگ است.
- ân sâxtemân ke 'ali dar ân zendegi mi-konad bozorg ast.
- That building, where Ali lives, is big.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Middle Persian -yk' (/-īg/),[2] influenced by Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy). Cognates include Northern Kurdish -î, Sanskrit -कस (-kasa), Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ, Latin -icus, Old English -iġ, English -y. The loss of final 'g' was a widespread pronunciation change (see ـه (-a / -e), from Middle Persian k' (/-ag/)), considered to be unrelated to Arabic. However the Persian suffix does merge with the Arabic suffix in Arabic loanwords (and sometimes non-Arabic words), where the suffix may be converted to ـیه (-iyya / -iye), ـیت (-iyyat / -iyat), ـیات (-iyyāt / -iyât), and in rare cases ـیون (-iyyūn / -iyun) when inflected.
Alternative forms
[edit]- ای (ī / i) (used for words ending in ـه (-a / -e))
- ـیی (-yi) (used for words ending in ـا (ā / â) or ـو (ū, ō / u))
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /‿ˈiː/, /ˈjiː/
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [‿íː], [jíː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [‿í], [jí]
- Rhymes: -iː
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | -ī, yī |
| Dari reading? | -ī, yī |
| Iranian reading? | -i, yi |
| Tajik reading? | -i, yi |
- Notes: Always takes stress.
Suffix
[edit]ـی • (-ī / -i) (Tajik spelling -ӣ)
- Forms adjectives (often nominalizable ones) from nouns.
- of or pertaining to
- from or belonging to
- able to, capable of being, deserved to be, determined to, and/or destined to
- surnames (derived from previous senses)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /-īh/).[2]
Alternative forms
[edit]- ـگی (gī / gi) (used for words ending in ـه (-a / -e))
- ـیی (yī / yi) (used for words ending in ـا (ā / â) or ـو (ū, ō / u))
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /‿ˈiː/
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [‿íː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [‿í]
- Rhymes: -iː
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | -ī |
| Dari reading? | -ī |
| Iranian reading? | -i |
| Tajik reading? | -i |
- Notes: Always takes stress.
Suffix
[edit]ـی • (-ī / -i) (Tajik spelling -ӣ)
- Forms abstract nouns, including names of professions or offices, from adjectives, occupational nouns, or titles.
- forms abstract nouns, from adjectives
- forms the name of a profession, and the place where it is practiced, from an occupational noun
- forms the name of an office, from a title
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Azerbaijani: -i
- → Chagatai: ـی (-y)
- Uzbek: -i
- → Hindustani: -ī
- → Ottoman Turkish: ـی (-i)
- Turkish: -i
Etymology 4
[edit]For conjugations involving the present stem, from Middle Persian [script needed] (-y /-ē/).
For conjugations involving the past stem, from the merger of Middle Persian [script needed] (-HWE-yd /hē/) with the preceding past stem.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈ‿iː/
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [‿iː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [‿i]
- Rhymes: -iː
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | -ī |
| Dari reading? | -ī |
| Iranian reading? | -i |
| Tajik reading? | -i |
Suffix
[edit]ـی • (-ī / -i)
- marks the second person singular in the present indicative, simple past, imperfect, and subjunctive.
Etymology 5
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /‿ˈji/
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [‿je]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [‿ji]
- Rhymes: -i
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | -yi |
| Dari reading? | -yi |
| Iranian reading? | -ye |
| Tajik reading? | -yi |
- Notes: Never takes stress.
Particle
[edit]ی • (-yi / -ye) (Tajik spelling -и)
Etymology 6
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈ‿eː/
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [‿iː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [‿e]
- Rhymes: -eː
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | -ē |
| Dari reading? | -ē |
| Iranian reading? | -i |
| Tajik reading? | -e |
Suffix
[edit]ـی • (-ē / -i) (Classical Persian)
- Forms the habitual past from the preterite
- Forms the conditional past from the imperfect or preterite
- Forms the conditional present from the subjunctive present
Usage notes
[edit]- This suffix is defective, only being used in the first person singular, third person singular, and third person plural.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 31
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 45
- ^ Lambton, Ann K. S. (1953), Persian Grammar (in English), London: Cambridge University Press, page 161
Urdu
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀇𑀅 (-ia), from Sanskrit -इक (-ika, diminutive suffix) or Sanskrit -ईय (-īya, adjectival suffix). Later influenced by Persian ـی (-i).
Suffix
[edit]- relating to, forms adjectives from nouns
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from the nominative singular form of Sanskrit -इन् (-in, doer, possessor).
Suffix
[edit]ـی • (ī) m (Hindi spelling -ई)
Etymology 3
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian ـِی (-ī), from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /-īh/).[1]
Suffix
[edit]ـی • (-ī) f (Hindi spelling -ई)
- forms abstract nouns from adjectives or common nouns
Derived terms
[edit]- ^ Cite error: Invalid
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- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish suffixes
- Northern Kurdish terms in Arabic script
- Ottoman Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Ottoman Turkish terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish suffixes
- Ottoman Turkish terms with usage examples
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Classical Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Ottoman Turkish particles
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Middle Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Old Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Old Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Old Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Persian/eː
- Rhymes:Persian/eː/1 syllable
- Persian lemmas
- Persian suffixes
- Persian terms with usage examples
- Rhymes:Persian/iː
- Rhymes:Persian/iː/1 syllable
- Persian adjective-forming suffixes
- Persian noun-forming suffixes
- Rhymes:Persian/i
- Rhymes:Persian/i/1 syllable
- Persian particles
- Classical Persian
- Urdu terms inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Urdu terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Urdu terms derived from Sanskrit
- Urdu terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Urdu terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Urdu terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Urdu terms derived from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu suffixes
- Urdu terms spelled with ـ
- Urdu terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Urdu masculine suffixes
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Middle Persian
- Urdu feminine suffixes