ـی
Northern Kurdish[edit]
Suffix[edit]
ـی (-î)
- Arabic spelling of -î
Ottoman Turkish[edit]
Suffix[edit]
ـی • (-ı, -i, -u, -ü)
- 3rd-person possessive suffix
- قیامت كونی
- kıyamet günü
- judgement day
Persian[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle Persian -yk' / 𐭩𐭪𐭩 (yky /-īg/), from Proto-Iranian *-akah, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂ + adjectival suffix *-kos. There is no evidence to support a relation with the Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy). See ـه (-e) for another instance where the 'g' phoneme is removed from the end of the Middle Persian suffix in its New Persian form.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔiː]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔiː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔi]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ī |
Dari reading? | ī |
Iranian reading? | i |
Tajik reading? | i |
Suffix[edit]
ـی • (-i)
- Forms nouns or adjectives from nouns
- of or pertaining to
- one from or belonging to
- Forms the word for a profession, and the place it is practiced, from the word for the person who practice it
- able to, capabale of being, deserved to be, determined to, and/or destined to
- Forms surnames.
Usage notes[edit]
ـی is the form that follows words ending in consonants. Adjectives ending in the short vowel ـه (-e) will use the form ـگی (-egi) for their derived nouns, while nouns ending in ـه (-e) will usually add the non-joining ای (-i) to form their derived adjectives. Both nouns and adjectives ending in the long vowels ـا (-â) and ـو (-u) will use the form یی (-yi)
As a derivational suffix, ـی and the above-mentioned alternative forms take the stress in a word, as in خورشیدی (xoršidi, “solar”). As the marked indefinite or relative definite suffix, the stress remains on the root of the word, as in خورشیدی (xoršidi, “a sun / the sun which”)
Most Persian surnames end in this suffix.
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1986). A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary. OUP. p. 45.
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /-īh/).
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
ـی • (-i)
- Forms abstract nouns from adjectives.
Etymology 3[edit]
From Middle Persian 𐭸 (1 /ē(w)/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎡𐎺 (a-i-v /aiva/), Proto-Iranian *Háywah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háywas, from Proto-Indo-European *óywos. Compare Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), and Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (aēuua).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔeː]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔiː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔe]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ē |
Dari reading? | ē |
Iranian reading? | i |
Tajik reading? | e |
Suffix[edit]
Dari | ـی |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | -е |
ـی • (-i)
- a, one; Marks a noun phrase as indefinite or non-specific, especially in the literary language.
- Synonym: (colloquial) یه (ye)
- Marks a noun phrase attributed by a subordinate clause as restrictive.
- ساختمانی که علی در آن زندگی میکند بزرگ است.
- sâxtemân-i ke 'ali dar ân zendegi mi-konad bozorg-ast.
- The building where Ali lives is big.
- Contrast with:
- آن ساختمان که علی در آن زندگی میکند بزرگ است.
- ân sâxtemân ke 'ali dar ân zendegi mi-konad bozorg-ast.
- That building, where Ali lives, is big.
Usage notes[edit]
This suffix is attached as a suffix to a noun in a sentence and acts as the indefinite object marker. Most words use the non-joining ای (-i), unless the word ends in the long vowels ـا (-â) and ـو (-u) or a non-joining consonant. For instance, “a house” would be خانهای (xâne-ye), “a dog” would be سگای (sag-i), and “houses” would be خانههایی (xâne-hâ-yi).
Urdu[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀇𑀅 (-ia), from Sanskrit -इक (-ika, diminutive suffix) or Sanskrit -ईय (-īya, adjectival suffix). Later influenced by Persian ـی (-i).
Suffix[edit]
- relating to, forms adjectives from nouns
Etymology 2[edit]
Borrowed from the nominative singular form of Sanskrit -इन् (-in, doer, possessor).
Suffix[edit]
ـی • (ī) m (Hindi spelling -ई)
Etymology 3[edit]
Borrowed from Classical Persian ـی (-ī), from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /-īh/).
Suffix[edit]
ـی • (-ī) f (Hindi spelling -ई)
- forms abstract nouns from adjectives or common nouns
Derived terms[edit]
- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish suffixes
- Northern Kurdish terms in Arabic script
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish suffixes
- Ottoman Turkish terms with usage examples
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian suffixes
- Persian terms inherited from Old Persian
- Persian terms derived from Old Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms with usage examples
- Urdu terms inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Urdu terms derived from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Urdu terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Urdu terms derived from Sanskrit
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu suffixes
- Urdu terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Urdu masculine suffixes
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Middle Persian
- Urdu feminine suffixes