فرمودن

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (plmwtn', plmʾd- /framūdan, framāy-/, “to order, command”).

Compare Old Armenian հրամայեմ (hramayem), borrowed from Iranian.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian): IPA^(key): /faɾmuːdan/

• (Dari): IPA^(key): /faɾmuːdan/

• (Iranian Persian): IPA^(key): /fæɾmuːdæn/
• (Tajik): IPA^(key): /faɾmudan/

Verb

فرمودن • (farmudan) (present stem فرما‎ (farmâ))

1. to order, to command

   Synonym: دستور دادن‎ (dastur dâdan)

2. (deferential, formal) to say; used as a substitute for گفتن‎ (goftan, “to say”) to show respect

   ‏چی فرمودید؟‎‎

   či farmudid?

   What did you say?

3. (deferential, formal) In compound verbs, occasionally used as a substitute for کردن‎ (kardan, “to do”) to show respect

Related terms

• فرمان‎ (farmân)

Descendants

• ⇒ Gujarati: ફરમાવવું (pharmāvvũ)
• ⇒ Bengali: ফরমানো (fôrmano)
• ⇒ Hindustani:

  Hindi: फ़रमाना (farmānā)

  Urdu: فرمانا‎ (farmānā)

• ⇒ Marathi: फर्मावणे (pharmāvṇe)
• ⇒ Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi: ਫ਼ਰਮਾਉਣਾ (farmāuṇā)

  Shahmukhi: فَرماؤنا‎ (farmāؤnā)

Further reading

• Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 821, page 182
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 182