قانون

Arabic

Root
ق ن ن (q n n)
7 terms

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κᾰνών (kănṓn). Possibly a doublet of قَنَاة (qanāh).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qaː.nuːn/

Noun

قَانُون • (qānūn) m (plural قَوَانِين (qawānīn))

1. (law) canon
2. (religion) canon

   قانون الكتاب المقدس ― The Canon of the Bible

3. axiom, norm, regulation, basic rule, established principle, canon

   الْقَانُون فِي الطِّبّ ― al-qānūn fī ṭ-ṭibb ― The Canon of Medicine

4. statute, precept, ordinance
5. law, code
6. tax
7. (music) qanun, kanoon, or ganoun (a musical instrument similar to a zither)

Declension

Declension of noun قَانُون (qānūn)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	قَانُون qānūn	الْقَانُون al-qānūn	قَانُون qānūn
nominative	قَانُونٌ qānūnun	الْقَانُونُ al-qānūnu	قَانُونُ qānūnu
accusative	قَانُونًا qānūnan	الْقَانُونَ al-qānūna	قَانُونَ qānūna
genitive	قَانُونٍ qānūnin	الْقَانُونِ al-qānūni	قَانُونِ qānūni
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	قَانُونَيْن qānūnayn	الْقَانُونَيْن al-qānūnayn	قَانُونَيْ qānūnay
nominative	قَانُونَانِ qānūnāni	الْقَانُونَانِ al-qānūnāni	قَانُونَا qānūnā
accusative	قَانُونَيْنِ qānūnayni	الْقَانُونَيْنِ al-qānūnayni	قَانُونَيْ qānūnay
genitive	قَانُونَيْنِ qānūnayni	الْقَانُونَيْنِ al-qānūnayni	قَانُونَيْ qānūnay
plural	basic broken plural diptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	قَوَانِين qawānīn	الْقَوَانِين al-qawānīn	قَوَانِين qawānīn
nominative	قَوَانِينُ qawānīnu	الْقَوَانِينُ al-qawānīnu	قَوَانِينُ qawānīnu
accusative	قَوَانِينَ qawānīna	الْقَوَانِينَ al-qawānīna	قَوَانِينَ qawānīna
genitive	قَوَانِينَ qawānīna	الْقَوَانِينِ al-qawānīni	قَوَانِينِ qawānīni

Synonyms

• (law): نَامُوس (nāmūs), شَرِيعَة (šarīʕa)

Derived terms

• قَانُونِيّ (qānūniyy)
• قَانُونِيَّة (qānūniyya)

Related terms

• قَنَّنَ (qannana)
  • تَقْنِين (taqnīn)
  • مُقَنِّن (muqannin)
  • مُقَنَّن (muqannan)

Descendants

• Maltese: qanun
• → Azerbaijani: qanun
• → Bashkir: ҡанун (qanun)
• → Malay: kanun
• → Middle Armenian: ղանոն (ġanon)
• → Ottoman Turkish: قانون (see there for further descendants)
• → Persian: قانون (qânun) (see there for further descendants)
• → Swahili: ganuni
• → Turkmen: kanun
• → Uyghur: قانۇن (qanun)
• → Uzbek: qonun

Brahui

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian قَانُون (qānūn), from Arabic قَانُون (qānūn), from Ancient Greek κανών (kanṓn).

Noun

قَانُون (qānūn)

1. law

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ق ن ن
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic قَانُون (qānūn).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaː.nuːn/, [qaː.nuːn], [ɡaː.nuːn]

Noun

قانون • (gānūn) m (plural قَوانين (gawānīn))

1. law, code
2. (music) qanun, kanoon, or ganoun (a musical instrument similar to a zither)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic قَانُون (qānūn), from Ancient Greek κανών (kanṓn).

Noun

قانون • (kanun) (accusative definite قانونی (kanunu), plural قوانین (kavanin) or قانونلر (kanunlar))

1. law (of man, as distinct from the law of God)
2. (music) qanun (a type of dulcimer)

Derived terms

• قانونجی (kanuncu, “lawmaker, legislator”)

Related terms

• قانوناً (kanunen)

Descendants

• Turkish: kanun
• → Albanian: kanun
  • → English: kanun
• → Armenian: քանոն (kʻanon)
  • → English: kanon
• → English: qanun

References

• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “قانون”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[1] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 938
• Mallouf, Nassif (1867), “قانون”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: Maisonneuve, page 958
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “قانون”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[2], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1425

Pahari-Potwari

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian قانون (qānūn), from Arabic قَانُون (qānūn). Ultimately from Ancient Greek κανών (kanṓn). Cognate with English canon.

Noun

قانُون (qānūn) m

1. law, rule, canon

Persian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Ancient Greek κᾰνών (kănṓn)bor.

Arabic قَانُون (qānūn)bor.

Persian قانون

Borrowed from Arabic قَانُون (qānūn).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /qaː.ˈnuːn/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qɑː.núːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qɑː.núːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [qɑː.núːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [qɔː.nún]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [qɒː.núːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [qɔ.nún]

Readings
Classical reading?	qānūn
Dari reading?	qānūn
Iranian reading?	ġânun
Tajik reading?	qonun

Noun

قانون • (qānūn / ġânun) (plural قانون‌ها (qānūn-hā / ġânun-hâ), or قوانین (qawānīn / ġavânin), Tajik spelling қонун)

1. law
2. statute
3. rule

Derived terms

• قانونی (qânuni)
• قانون‌گذار (qânun-gozâr)
• قانون‌گذاری (qânun-gozâri)

Descendants

• → Assamese: কানুন (kanun)
• → Bengali: কানুন (kanun)
• → Gujarati: કાનૂન (kānūn)
• → Hindi: क़ानून (qānūn)
• → Northern Kurdish: qanûn
• → Central Kurdish: قانوون (qanûn)
• → Punjabi: ਕਨੂੰਨ (kanū̃nă)
• → Santali: ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ (kănun)
• → Urdu: قانُون (qānūn)

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic قَانُون (qānūn), from Ancient Greek κανών (kanṓn).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [qɑːnuːnʊ]

Noun

قانون • (qānūnu) m (Devanagari क़ानूनु)

1. law, rule

References

• “قانون”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, University of Chicago: Center for Language Engineering, Pakistan, 1866–1938

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ق ن ن
1 term

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic قَانُون (qānūn).

Noun

قانون • (qanūn, ʔanūn) m (plural قوانين (qawanīn, ʔwanīn))

1. law, rule

Urdu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Ancient Greek κᾰνών (kănṓn)bor.

Arabic قَانُون (qānūn)bor.

Classical Persian قَانُون (qānūn)bor.

Urdu قَانُون

Borrowed from Classical Persian قَانُون (qānūn), borrowed from Arabic قَانُون (qānūn), borrowed from Ancient Greek κᾰνών (kănṓn). First attested in c. 1564 as Middle Hindi قانون (qanvn /⁠qānūn⁠/).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /qɑː.nuːn/
• Rhymes: -uːn
• Hyphenation: قا‧نُون

Noun

قانُون • (qānūn) m (formal plural قَوَانِین (qavānīn), Hindi spelling क़ानून)

1. law
2. rule, statute

Declension

Declension of قانون

	singular	plural
direct	قانُون (qānūn)	قانُون (qānūn)
oblique	قانُون (qānūn)	قانُونوں (qānūnõ)
vocative	قانُون (qānūn)	قانُونو (qānūno)

Related terms

• قانُونی (qānūnī)
• غَیر قانُونی (ġair qānūnī)
• مُقَنِّنَہ (muqannina)
• قانُون گو (qānūn go)

Further reading

• “قانون”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “قانون”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Fallon, S. W. (1879), “قانون”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.