قرأ

See also: قرا

Arabic

Root
ق ر ء (q r ʔ)
13 terms

اِمْرَأَةٌ تَقْرَأُ (imraʔatun taqraʔu)

Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ḳaraʔ-, from Proto-Afroasiatic [Term?]. Compare Hebrew קָרָא (kará), and Tashelhit غر (ɣr, “to call, to invite, to read”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qa.ra.ʔa/

Verb

قَرَأَ • (qaraʔa) I (non-past يَقْرَأُ (yaqraʔu), verbal noun قِرَاءَة (qirāʔa) or قُرْآن (qurʔān))

1. to read

   مَا أَنَا بِقَارِئٍ. ― mā ʔana biqāriʔin. ― I will not read / What will I read?

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 69:19:

     فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ فَيَقُولُ هَاؤُمُ ٱقْرَءُوا كِتَابِيَهْ

     faʔammā man ʔūtiya kitābahu biyamīnihi fayaqūlu hāʔumu qraʔū kitābiyah

     As for those given their records in their right hand, they will cry ˹happily˺, “Here ˹everyone˺! Read my record!

2. (with لِـ (li-)) To read the works of (a specific author).

   قَرَأَ لِلْجَاحِظِ

   qaraʔa liljāḥiẓi

   He read [the works of] Al-Jāḥiẓ

3. to recite
   • 1865 CE, Bible (SVD), Book of Exodus, 24:7:

     وَأَخَذَ كِتَابَ الْعَهْدِ وَ قَرَأَ فِي مَسَامِعِ الشَّعْبِ، فَقَالُوا: كُلُّ مَا تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ الرَّبُّ نَفْعَلُ وَنَسْمَعُ لَهُ

     waʔaḵaḏa kitāba l-ʕahdi wa qaraʔa fī masāmiʕi š-šaʕbi, faqālū: kullu mā takallama bihi r-rabbu nafʕalu wanasmaʕu lahu

     Then he took the Book of the Covenant and read in the hearing of the people. And they said, “All that the LORD has said we will do, and be obedient.”

4. review or study
5. to collect together or to gather piece by piece
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 75:17-18:

     إنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُ وَقُرْآنَهُ / فَإِذَا قَرَأْنَاهُ فَٱتَّبِعْ قُرْآنَهُ

     ʔinna ʕalaynā jamʕahū waqurʔānahū / faʔiḏā qaraʔnāhu fattabiʕ qurʔānahū

     Indeed, upon Us [is] its collection and its recitation / So when We [have] recited it, follow thou its recitation.

6. to match portion to portion, to draw together piece by piece
7. to cite, to recite, to quote, to bring back information

Conjugation

Conjugation of قَرَأَ (I, sound, a ~ a, full passive, verbal nouns قِرَاءَة, قُرْآن)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						قِرَاءَة, قُرْآن qirāʔa, qurʔān
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						قَارِئ qāriʔ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَقْرُوء maqrūʔ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قَرَأْتُ qaraʔtu	قَرَأْتَ qaraʔta	قَرَأَ qaraʔa		قَرَأْتُمَا qaraʔtumā	قَرَآ qaraʔā		قَرَأْنَا qaraʔnā	قَرَأْتُمْ qaraʔtum	قَرَؤُوا qaraʔū
	f		قَرَأْتِ qaraʔti	قَرَأَتْ qaraʔat			قَرَأَتَا qaraʔatā			قَرَأْتُنَّ qaraʔtunna	قَرَأْنَ qaraʔna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَقْرَأُ ʔaqraʔu	تَقْرَأُ taqraʔu	يَقْرَأُ yaqraʔu		تَقْرَآنِ taqraʔāni	يَقْرَآنِ yaqraʔāni		نَقْرَأُ naqraʔu	تَقْرَؤُونَ taqraʔūna	يَقْرَؤُونَ yaqraʔūna
	f		تَقْرَئِينَ taqraʔīna	تَقْرَأُ taqraʔu			تَقْرَآنِ taqraʔāni			تَقْرَأْنَ taqraʔna	يَقْرَأْنَ yaqraʔna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَقْرَأَ ʔaqraʔa	تَقْرَأَ taqraʔa	يَقْرَأَ yaqraʔa		تَقْرَآ taqraʔā	يَقْرَآ yaqraʔā		نَقْرَأَ naqraʔa	تَقْرَؤُوا taqraʔū	يَقْرَؤُوا yaqraʔū
	f		تَقْرَئِي taqraʔī	تَقْرَأَ taqraʔa			تَقْرَآ taqraʔā			تَقْرَأْنَ taqraʔna	يَقْرَأْنَ yaqraʔna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَقْرَأْ ʔaqraʔ	تَقْرَأْ taqraʔ	يَقْرَأْ yaqraʔ		تَقْرَآ taqraʔā	يَقْرَآ yaqraʔā		نَقْرَأْ naqraʔ	تَقْرَؤُوا taqraʔū	يَقْرَؤُوا yaqraʔū
	f		تَقْرَئِي taqraʔī	تَقْرَأْ taqraʔ			تَقْرَآ taqraʔā			تَقْرَأْنَ taqraʔna	يَقْرَأْنَ yaqraʔna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِقْرَأْ iqraʔ			اِقْرَآ iqraʔā				اِقْرَؤُوا iqraʔū
	f		اِقْرَئِي iqraʔī							اِقْرَأْنَ iqraʔna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قُرِئْتُ quriʔtu	قُرِئْتَ quriʔta	قُرِئَ quriʔa		قُرِئْتُمَا quriʔtumā	قُرِئَا quriʔā		قُرِئْنَا quriʔnā	قُرِئْتُمْ quriʔtum	قُرِئُوا quriʔū
	f		قُرِئْتِ quriʔti	قُرِئَتْ quriʔat			قُرِئَتَا quriʔatā			قُرِئْتُنَّ quriʔtunna	قُرِئْنَ quriʔna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُقْرَأُ ʔuqraʔu	تُقْرَأُ tuqraʔu	يُقْرَأُ yuqraʔu		تُقْرَآنِ tuqraʔāni	يُقْرَآنِ yuqraʔāni		نُقْرَأُ nuqraʔu	تُقْرَؤُونَ tuqraʔūna	يُقْرَؤُونَ yuqraʔūna
	f		تُقْرَئِينَ tuqraʔīna	تُقْرَأُ tuqraʔu			تُقْرَآنِ tuqraʔāni			تُقْرَأْنَ tuqraʔna	يُقْرَأْنَ yuqraʔna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُقْرَأَ ʔuqraʔa	تُقْرَأَ tuqraʔa	يُقْرَأَ yuqraʔa		تُقْرَآ tuqraʔā	يُقْرَآ yuqraʔā		نُقْرَأَ nuqraʔa	تُقْرَؤُوا tuqraʔū	يُقْرَؤُوا yuqraʔū
	f		تُقْرَئِي tuqraʔī	تُقْرَأَ tuqraʔa			تُقْرَآ tuqraʔā			تُقْرَأْنَ tuqraʔna	يُقْرَأْنَ yuqraʔna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُقْرَأْ ʔuqraʔ	تُقْرَأْ tuqraʔ	يُقْرَأْ yuqraʔ		تُقْرَآ tuqraʔā	يُقْرَآ yuqraʔā		نُقْرَأْ nuqraʔ	تُقْرَؤُوا tuqraʔū	يُقْرَؤُوا yuqraʔū
	f		تُقْرَئِي tuqraʔī	تُقْرَأْ tuqraʔ			تُقْرَآ tuqraʔā			تُقْرَأْنَ tuqraʔna	يُقْرَأْنَ yuqraʔna

Descendants

• Algerian Arabic: قرا (qrā)
• Egyptian Arabic: قرا (ʔara)
• Gulf Arabic: قرا (gira)
• Maltese: qara
• Moroccan Arabic: قرا (qrā)
• Tunisian Arabic: قرا (qrā)
• South Levantine Arabic: قرا (ʔara)
• → Somali: akhri

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979), “قرء”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN