قلعه

See also: قلعہ and قلعة

Ottoman Turkish

قلعه

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian قَلْعَه (qal'a), from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa).

Noun

قلعه • (kalʼa or kalʼe) (definite accusative قلعه‌یی (kalʼeyi), plural قلاع (kılâʼ))

1. fortress, stronghold, citadel, castle, a large and permanent fortification, sometimes including a town

   Synonyms: حصار (hisar), حصن (hısn), دز (diz), قسطل (kastel), كرمان (kerman)

2. (military) square, a body of troops drawn up in a square formation, used in combat by infantry units

Derived terms

• آش قلعه (aş kalʼe, “Aşkale, a district in Turkey”)
• ایچ قلعه (iç kalʼe, “the keep of a fortress”)
• باش قلعه (baş kalʼe, “Başkale, a district in Turkey”)
• بوغاز قلعه (boğaz kalʼe, “Boğazkale, a district in Turkey”)
• طوپراق قلعه (toprak kalʼe, “Toprakkale, a district in Turkey”)
• قریق قلعه (kırık kalʼe, “Kırıkkale, a city and province in Turkey”)
• قلعه آغاسی (kalʼe ağası, “castellan”)
• قلعه آلتی (kalʼe altı, “esplanade outside a castle”)
• قلعه ایتمك (kalʼe etmek, “to form troops into a square”)
• قلعه برجی (kalʼe burcu, “tower of a castle”)
• قلعه بند (kalʼe bend, “confined in a fortress”)
• قلعه دیواری (kalʼe duvarı, “rampart”)
• قلعه سپری (kalʼe seperi, “parapet of a fort”)
• قلعه طوپی (kalʼe topu, “heavy gun placed on forts”)
• قلعه كبی (kalʼe gibi, “as firm as a castle”)
• قلعه میدانی (kalʼe meydanı, “terreplein”)
• قلعه‌دار (kalʼedar, “castellan”)
• قوم قلعه (kum kalʼe, “Kumkale, a village in Çanakkale district”)
• پاموق قلعه (pamuk kalʼe, “Pamukkale, a district in Turkey”)
• چناق قلعه (çanak kalʼe, “Çanakkale, a city and province in Turkey”)

Kale district, Denizli

Kale district, Malatya

Descendants

• Turkish: kale
• → Albanian: kala
• → Armenian: խալէ (xalē), ղալա (ġala), կալա (kala)
• → Bulgarian: кале́ (kalé)
• → Macedonian: кале (kale)
• → Ubykh: ӄ'ала (q̣ala)
• → Romanian: culă

Proper noun

قلعه • (kalʼe)

1. Kale (a town and district of Denizli Province, Turkey)

   Synonym: قلعهٔ طواس (kalʼe-i tavas) (historical)

2. Kale (a town and district of Malatya Province, Turkey)

   Synonym: آشاغی مستیكان (aşağı mestikân) (historical)

3. (now historical) synonym of دمره (demre)

Descendants

• Turkish: Kale

Further reading

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886), “قلعه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 530
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “kale1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2351
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962), “kal'a”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎ [Ottoman–Turkish Encyclopedic Dictionary]‎^[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 580
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “قلعه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 968
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Castellum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 158
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “قلعة”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 3748
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “kale”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “قلعه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1469
• Sezen, Tahir (2017), “Kale”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names]‎^[6], 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 404

Persian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa)bor.

Persian قلعه

Borrowed from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /qal.ˈʔa/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qäl.ʔá]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qäl.ʔá]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [qä.lɑ́ː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [qä.lá]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [qæl.ʔé]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [qäl.ʔá]

Readings
Classical reading?	qal'a
Dari reading?	qal'a
Iranian reading?	ġal'e
Tajik reading?	qal'a

Noun

قلعه • (qal'a / ġal'e) (plural قلعه‌ها (qal'a-hā / ġal'e-hâ), or قلاع (qilā' / ġelâ'), Tajik spelling қалъа)

1. castle

   Synonym: قصر (qasr / ġasr)

2. fortress, stronghold

   Synonym: دژ (diž / dež)

3. citadel

   Synonym: ارگ (arg)

4. (chess) castle (rook)

   Synonym: رخ (rux / rox)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: qala
• → Bashkir: ҡала (qala)
• → Bengali: কেল্লা (kella)
• → Chagatai: قلعه (qlʿh /⁠qäl'ä⁠/), قالا (qālā /⁠qala⁠/)
  • Uyghur: قەلئە (qel'e)
  • Uzbek: qalʼa
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: क़िला (qilā)

  Urdu: قِلْعَہ (qil'a)

  • → English: qila
  • → Shina: قلعہ (qilla)

• → Kazakh: қала (qala)
• → Kyrgyz: калаa (kalaa)
• → Northern Luri: غلا (qela)
• → Marathi: किल्ला (killā)
• → Tatar: кала (qala)
• → Turkmen: gala
• → Ottoman Turkish: قلعه (kalʼa, kalʼe)
  • Turkish: kale
  • → Albanian: kala
  • → Armenian: խալէ (xalē), ղալա (ġala), կալա (kala)
  • → Bulgarian: кале́ (kalé)
  • → Macedonian: кале (kale)
  • → Ubykh: ӄ'ала (q̣ala)
  • → Romanian: culă
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਕਿਲ੍ਹਾ (kilhā)

  Shahmukhi script: قلعہ (qila)

See also

Chess pieces in Persian · مهره‌های شطرنج (mohre-hâye šatranj) (layout · text)
شاه (šâh)	وزیر (vazir), فرزین (farzin)	رخ (rox), قلعه (qal'e)	فیل (fil)	اسب (asb)	پیاده (piyâde), سرباز (sarbâz)