كاد

Arabic

Etymology 1

A root ك و د (k-w-d) hasn’t developed. The term is suggested as a borrowing from Old South Arabian 𐩫𐩵 (kd, “to almost do”, form I), related to 𐩫𐩵 (kd, “to treacherously endanger; to start a prosecution against”, form II).

Verb

كَادَ • (kāda) I, non-past يَكَادُ‎ (yakādu)

1. to almost do something (with following non-past or with أَن (ʔan) + subjunctive)

   Synonyms: أَوْشَكَ (ʔawšaka), (rare) كَرَبَ (karaba)

   كِدْتُ أَذْهَبُ ― kidtu ʔaḏhabu ― I almost went

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:20:

     يَكَادُ ٱلْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَارَهُمْ

     yakādu l-barqu yaḵṭafu ʔabṣārahum

     It is as if the lightning almost snatched away their sight.

2. to hardly do something (negated, with following non-past)
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:71:

     فَذَبَحُوهَا وَمَا كَادُوا يَفْعَلُونَ

     faḏabaḥūhā wamā kādū yafʕalūna

     They slaughtered her, but they hardly brought themselves to do it.

3. as soon as (negated, with following non-past)

Conjugation

Conjugation of

كَادَ

(form-I hollow, verbal nouns كَوْد or مَكَاد or مَكَادَة)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						كَوْد or مَكَاد or مَكَادَة kawd or makād or makāda
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						كَائِد kāʔid
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	كِدْتُ kidtu	كِدْتَ kidta	كَادَ kāda		كِدْتُمَا kidtumā	كَادَا kādā		كِدْنَا kidnā	كِدْتُمْ kidtum	كَادُوا kādū
	f		كِدْتِ kidti	كَادَتْ kādat			كَادَتَا kādatā			كِدْتُنَّ kidtunna	كِدْنَ kidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَكَادُ ʔakādu	تَكَادُ takādu	يَكَادُ yakādu		تَكَادَانِ takādāni	يَكَادَانِ yakādāni		نَكَادُ nakādu	تَكَادُونَ takādūna	يَكَادُونَ yakādūna
	f		تَكَادِينَ takādīna	تَكَادُ takādu			تَكَادَانِ takādāni			تَكَدْنَ takadna	يَكَدْنَ yakadna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَكَادَ ʔakāda	تَكَادَ takāda	يَكَادَ yakāda		تَكَادَا takādā	يَكَادَا yakādā		نَكَادَ nakāda	تَكَادُوا takādū	يَكَادُوا yakādū
	f		تَكَادِي takādī	تَكَادَ takāda			تَكَادَا takādā			تَكَدْنَ takadna	يَكَدْنَ yakadna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَكَدْ ʔakad	تَكَدْ takad	يَكَدْ yakad		تَكَادَا takādā	يَكَادَا yakādā		نَكَدْ nakad	تَكَادُوا takādū	يَكَادُوا yakādū
	f		تَكَادِي takādī	تَكَدْ takad			تَكَادَا takādā			تَكَدْنَ takadna	يَكَدْنَ yakadna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		—			—				—
	f		—							—

References

• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 1126
• Freytag, Georg (1837) “كاد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 69a
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “كاد”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[2] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 941b
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “كود”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[3], London: W.H. Allen, page 900
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “كود”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 991

Etymology 2

Root
ك ي د (k-y-d)

Verb

كَادَ • (kāda) I, non-past يَكِيدُ‎ (yakīdu)

1. to plot, to scheme (لِـ (li-) against)
2. to plan or intend to commit crime
3. to deceive, to fool

Conjugation

Conjugation of

كَادَ

(form-I hollow, verbal nouns كَيْد or مَكِيدَة)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						كَيْد or مَكِيدَة kayd or makīda
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						كَائِد kāʔid
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَكِيد makīd
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	كِدْتُ kidtu	كِدْتَ kidta	كَادَ kāda		كِدْتُمَا kidtumā	كَادَا kādā		كِدْنَا kidnā	كِدْتُمْ kidtum	كَادُوا kādū
	f		كِدْتِ kidti	كَادَتْ kādat			كَادَتَا kādatā			كِدْتُنَّ kidtunna	كِدْنَ kidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَكِيدُ ʔakīdu	تَكِيدُ takīdu	يَكِيدُ yakīdu		تَكِيدَانِ takīdāni	يَكِيدَانِ yakīdāni		نَكِيدُ nakīdu	تَكِيدُونَ takīdūna	يَكِيدُونَ yakīdūna
	f		تَكِيدِينَ takīdīna	تَكِيدُ takīdu			تَكِيدَانِ takīdāni			تَكِدْنَ takidna	يَكِدْنَ yakidna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَكِيدَ ʔakīda	تَكِيدَ takīda	يَكِيدَ yakīda		تَكِيدَا takīdā	يَكِيدَا yakīdā		نَكِيدَ nakīda	تَكِيدُوا takīdū	يَكِيدُوا yakīdū
	f		تَكِيدِي takīdī	تَكِيدَ takīda			تَكِيدَا takīdā			تَكِدْنَ takidna	يَكِدْنَ yakidna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَكِدْ ʔakid	تَكِدْ takid	يَكِدْ yakid		تَكِيدَا takīdā	يَكِيدَا yakīdā		نَكِدْ nakid	تَكِيدُوا takīdū	يَكِيدُوا yakīdū
	f		تَكِيدِي takīdī	تَكِدْ takid			تَكِيدَا takīdā			تَكِدْنَ takidna	يَكِدْنَ yakidna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		كِدْ kid			كِيدَا kīdā				كِيدُوا kīdū
	f		كِيدِي kīdī							كِدْنَ kidna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	كِدْتُ kidtu	كِدْتَ kidta	كِيدَ kīda		كِدْتُمَا kidtumā	كِيدَا kīdā		كِدْنَا kidnā	كِدْتُمْ kidtum	كِيدُوا kīdū
	f		كِدْتِ kidti	كِيدَتْ kīdat			كِيدَتَا kīdatā			كِدْتُنَّ kidtunna	كِدْنَ kidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُكَادُ ʔukādu	تُكَادُ tukādu	يُكَادُ yukādu		تُكَادَانِ tukādāni	يُكَادَانِ yukādāni		نُكَادُ nukādu	تُكَادُونَ tukādūna	يُكَادُونَ yukādūna
	f		تُكَادِينَ tukādīna	تُكَادُ tukādu			تُكَادَانِ tukādāni			تُكَدْنَ tukadna	يُكَدْنَ yukadna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُكَادَ ʔukāda	تُكَادَ tukāda	يُكَادَ yukāda		تُكَادَا tukādā	يُكَادَا yukādā		نُكَادَ nukāda	تُكَادُوا tukādū	يُكَادُوا yukādū
	f		تُكَادِي tukādī	تُكَادَ tukāda			تُكَادَا tukādā			تُكَدْنَ tukadna	يُكَدْنَ yukadna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُكَدْ ʔukad	تُكَدْ tukad	يُكَدْ yukad		تُكَادَا tukādā	يُكَادَا yukādā		نُكَدْ nukad	تُكَادُوا tukādū	يُكَادُوا yukādū
	f		تُكَادِي tukādī	تُكَدْ tukad			تُكَادَا tukādā			تُكَدْنَ tukadna	يُكَدْنَ yukadna

References

• Freytag, Georg (1837) “كاد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[4] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 73b