كفر
Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Root |
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ك ف ر (k f r) |
8 terms |
Compare Classical Syriac ܟܦܲܪ (kəp̄ar).
Verb
[edit]كَفَرَ • (kafara) I (non-past يَكْفُرُ (yakfuru), verbal noun كُفْر (kufr) or كُفْرَان (kufrān) or كُفُور (kufūr))
- (intransitive or transitive with بِ) to disbelieve (in), to close oneself off to
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:212:
- زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٱ ٱلْحَيَاةُ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَوْا فَوْقَهُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ وَٱللّٰهُ يَرْزُقُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ
- zuyyina lillaḏīna kafarū l-ḥayātu d-dunyā wayasḵarūna mina llaḏīna ʔāmanū wāllaḏīna ttaqaw fawqahum yawma l-qiyāmati wal-lāhu yarzuqu man yašāʔu biḡayri ḥisābin
- Beautified is the life of this world for those who disbelieve, and they mock at those who believe. But those who fear [Allah] are above them on the Day of Resurrection, and Allah begifts whom He wills without account.
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:256:
- لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي ٱلدِّينِ ۖ قَدْ تَبَيَّنَ ٱلرُّشْدُ مِنَ ٱلْغَيِّ ۚ فَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِٱلطَّاغُوتِ وَيُؤْمِنْ بِٱللَّهِ فَقَدِ ٱسْتَمْسَكَ بِٱلْعُرْوَةِ ٱلْوُثْقَىٰ لَا ٱنْفِصَامَ لَهَا ۗ وَٱللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
- lā ʾikrāha fī d-dīni qad tabayyana r-rušdu mina l-ḡayyi faman yakfur bi-ṭ-ṭāḡūti wayuʾmin bi-l-lahi faqadi stamsaka bi-l-ʿurwati l-wuṯqā lā nfiṣāma lahā wal-lahu samīʿun ʿalīmun
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (transitive or with بِ) to be ungrateful
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:152:
- فَٱذْكُرُونِي أَذْكُرْكُمْ وَٱشْكُرُوا لِي وَلَا تَكْفُرُونِ
- faḏkurūnī ʔaḏkurkum waškurū lī walā takfurūni
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (construed with بِ (bi)) to disclaim association with, to renounce
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 35:14:
- إِن تَدْعُوهُمْ لَا يَسْمَعُوا دُعَاءَكُمْ وَلَوْ سَمِعُوا مَا ٱسْتَجَابُوا لَكُمْۖ وَيَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ يَكْفُرُونَ بِشِرْكِكُمْۚ وَلَا يُنَبِّئُكَ مِثْلُ خَبِيرٍ
- ʔin tadʕūhum lā yasmaʕū duʕāʔakum walaw samiʕū mā stajābū lakum wayawma l-qiyāmati yakfurūna biširkikum walā yunabbiʔuka miṯlu ḵabīrin
- If you invoke them they will not hear your invocation, and even if they heard they cannot respond to you, and on the Day of Resurrection they will forswear your polytheism, and none can inform you like the One who is all-aware.
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
كُفْر, كُفْرَان, كُفُور kufr, kufrān, kufūr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
كَافِر kāfir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَكْفُور makfūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | كَفَرْتُ kafartu |
كَفَرْتَ kafarta |
كَفَرَ kafara |
كَفَرْتُمَا kafartumā |
كَفَرَا kafarā |
كَفَرْنَا kafarnā |
كَفَرْتُمْ kafartum |
كَفَرُوا kafarū | |||
f | كَفَرْتِ kafarti |
كَفَرَتْ kafarat |
كَفَرَتَا kafaratā |
كَفَرْتُنَّ kafartunna |
كَفَرْنَ kafarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَكْفُرُ ʔakfuru |
تَكْفُرُ takfuru |
يَكْفُرُ yakfuru |
تَكْفُرَانِ takfurāni |
يَكْفُرَانِ yakfurāni |
نَكْفُرُ nakfuru |
تَكْفُرُونَ takfurūna |
يَكْفُرُونَ yakfurūna | |||
f | تَكْفُرِينَ takfurīna |
تَكْفُرُ takfuru |
تَكْفُرَانِ takfurāni |
تَكْفُرْنَ takfurna |
يَكْفُرْنَ yakfurna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَكْفُرَ ʔakfura |
تَكْفُرَ takfura |
يَكْفُرَ yakfura |
تَكْفُرَا takfurā |
يَكْفُرَا yakfurā |
نَكْفُرَ nakfura |
تَكْفُرُوا takfurū |
يَكْفُرُوا yakfurū | |||
f | تَكْفُرِي takfurī |
تَكْفُرَ takfura |
تَكْفُرَا takfurā |
تَكْفُرْنَ takfurna |
يَكْفُرْنَ yakfurna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَكْفُرْ ʔakfur |
تَكْفُرْ takfur |
يَكْفُرْ yakfur |
تَكْفُرَا takfurā |
يَكْفُرَا yakfurā |
نَكْفُرْ nakfur |
تَكْفُرُوا takfurū |
يَكْفُرُوا yakfurū | |||
f | تَكْفُرِي takfurī |
تَكْفُرْ takfur |
تَكْفُرَا takfurā |
تَكْفُرْنَ takfurna |
يَكْفُرْنَ yakfurna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اُكْفُرْ ukfur |
اُكْفُرَا ukfurā |
اُكْفُرُوا ukfurū |
||||||||
f | اُكْفُرِي ukfurī |
اُكْفُرْنَ ukfurna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | كُفِرْتُ kufirtu |
كُفِرْتَ kufirta |
كُفِرَ kufira |
كُفِرْتُمَا kufirtumā |
كُفِرَا kufirā |
كُفِرْنَا kufirnā |
كُفِرْتُمْ kufirtum |
كُفِرُوا kufirū | |||
f | كُفِرْتِ kufirti |
كُفِرَتْ kufirat |
كُفِرَتَا kufiratā |
كُفِرْتُنَّ kufirtunna |
كُفِرْنَ kufirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُكْفَرُ ʔukfaru |
تُكْفَرُ tukfaru |
يُكْفَرُ yukfaru |
تُكْفَرَانِ tukfarāni |
يُكْفَرَانِ yukfarāni |
نُكْفَرُ nukfaru |
تُكْفَرُونَ tukfarūna |
يُكْفَرُونَ yukfarūna | |||
f | تُكْفَرِينَ tukfarīna |
تُكْفَرُ tukfaru |
تُكْفَرَانِ tukfarāni |
تُكْفَرْنَ tukfarna |
يُكْفَرْنَ yukfarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُكْفَرَ ʔukfara |
تُكْفَرَ tukfara |
يُكْفَرَ yukfara |
تُكْفَرَا tukfarā |
يُكْفَرَا yukfarā |
نُكْفَرَ nukfara |
تُكْفَرُوا tukfarū |
يُكْفَرُوا yukfarū | |||
f | تُكْفَرِي tukfarī |
تُكْفَرَ tukfara |
تُكْفَرَا tukfarā |
تُكْفَرْنَ tukfarna |
يُكْفَرْنَ yukfarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُكْفَرْ ʔukfar |
تُكْفَرْ tukfar |
يُكْفَرْ yukfar |
تُكْفَرَا tukfarā |
يُكْفَرَا yukfarā |
نُكْفَرْ nukfar |
تُكْفَرُوا tukfarū |
يُكْفَرُوا yukfarū | |||
f | تُكْفَرِي tukfarī |
تُكْفَرْ tukfar |
تُكْفَرَا tukfarā |
تُكْفَرْنَ tukfarna |
يُكْفَرْنَ yukfarna |
Antonyms
[edit]Verb
[edit]كَفَرَ • (kafara) I (non-past يَكْفُرُ (yakfuru) or يَكْفِرُ (yakfiru), verbal noun كَفْر (kafr))
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
كَفْر kafr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
كَافِر kāfir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَكْفُور makfūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | كَفَرْتُ kafartu |
كَفَرْتَ kafarta |
كَفَرَ kafara |
كَفَرْتُمَا kafartumā |
كَفَرَا kafarā |
كَفَرْنَا kafarnā |
كَفَرْتُمْ kafartum |
كَفَرُوا kafarū | |||
f | كَفَرْتِ kafarti |
كَفَرَتْ kafarat |
كَفَرَتَا kafaratā |
كَفَرْتُنَّ kafartunna |
كَفَرْنَ kafarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَكْفُرُ, أَكْفِرُ ʔakfuru, ʔakfiru |
تَكْفُرُ, تَكْفِرُ takfuru, takfiru |
يَكْفُرُ, يَكْفِرُ yakfuru, yakfiru |
تَكْفُرَانِ, تَكْفِرَانِ takfurāni, takfirāni |
يَكْفُرَانِ, يَكْفِرَانِ yakfurāni, yakfirāni |
نَكْفُرُ, نَكْفِرُ nakfuru, nakfiru |
تَكْفُرُونَ, تَكْفِرُونَ takfurūna, takfirūna |
يَكْفُرُونَ, يَكْفِرُونَ yakfurūna, yakfirūna | |||
f | تَكْفُرِينَ, تَكْفِرِينَ takfurīna, takfirīna |
تَكْفُرُ, تَكْفِرُ takfuru, takfiru |
تَكْفُرَانِ, تَكْفِرَانِ takfurāni, takfirāni |
تَكْفُرْنَ, تَكْفِرْنَ takfurna, takfirna |
يَكْفُرْنَ, يَكْفِرْنَ yakfurna, yakfirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَكْفُرَ, أَكْفِرَ ʔakfura, ʔakfira |
تَكْفُرَ, تَكْفِرَ takfura, takfira |
يَكْفُرَ, يَكْفِرَ yakfura, yakfira |
تَكْفُرَا, تَكْفِرَا takfurā, takfirā |
يَكْفُرَا, يَكْفِرَا yakfurā, yakfirā |
نَكْفُرَ, نَكْفِرَ nakfura, nakfira |
تَكْفُرُوا, تَكْفِرُوا takfurū, takfirū |
يَكْفُرُوا, يَكْفِرُوا yakfurū, yakfirū | |||
f | تَكْفُرِي, تَكْفِرِي takfurī, takfirī |
تَكْفُرَ, تَكْفِرَ takfura, takfira |
تَكْفُرَا, تَكْفِرَا takfurā, takfirā |
تَكْفُرْنَ, تَكْفِرْنَ takfurna, takfirna |
يَكْفُرْنَ, يَكْفِرْنَ yakfurna, yakfirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَكْفُرْ, أَكْفِرْ ʔakfur, ʔakfir |
تَكْفُرْ, تَكْفِرْ takfur, takfir |
يَكْفُرْ, يَكْفِرْ yakfur, yakfir |
تَكْفُرَا, تَكْفِرَا takfurā, takfirā |
يَكْفُرَا, يَكْفِرَا yakfurā, yakfirā |
نَكْفُرْ, نَكْفِرْ nakfur, nakfir |
تَكْفُرُوا, تَكْفِرُوا takfurū, takfirū |
يَكْفُرُوا, يَكْفِرُوا yakfurū, yakfirū | |||
f | تَكْفُرِي, تَكْفِرِي takfurī, takfirī |
تَكْفُرْ, تَكْفِرْ takfur, takfir |
تَكْفُرَا, تَكْفِرَا takfurā, takfirā |
تَكْفُرْنَ, تَكْفِرْنَ takfurna, takfirna |
يَكْفُرْنَ, يَكْفِرْنَ yakfurna, yakfirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اُكْفُرْ, اِكْفِرْ ukfur, ikfir |
اُكْفُرَا, اِكْفِرَا ukfurā, ikfirā |
اُكْفُرُوا, اِكْفِرُوا ukfurū, ikfirū |
||||||||
f | اُكْفُرِي, اِكْفِرِي ukfurī, ikfirī |
اُكْفُرْنَ, اِكْفِرْنَ ukfurna, ikfirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | كُفِرْتُ kufirtu |
كُفِرْتَ kufirta |
كُفِرَ kufira |
كُفِرْتُمَا kufirtumā |
كُفِرَا kufirā |
كُفِرْنَا kufirnā |
كُفِرْتُمْ kufirtum |
كُفِرُوا kufirū | |||
f | كُفِرْتِ kufirti |
كُفِرَتْ kufirat |
كُفِرَتَا kufiratā |
كُفِرْتُنَّ kufirtunna |
كُفِرْنَ kufirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُكْفَرُ ʔukfaru |
تُكْفَرُ tukfaru |
يُكْفَرُ yukfaru |
تُكْفَرَانِ tukfarāni |
يُكْفَرَانِ yukfarāni |
نُكْفَرُ nukfaru |
تُكْفَرُونَ tukfarūna |
يُكْفَرُونَ yukfarūna | |||
f | تُكْفَرِينَ tukfarīna |
تُكْفَرُ tukfaru |
تُكْفَرَانِ tukfarāni |
تُكْفَرْنَ tukfarna |
يُكْفَرْنَ yukfarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُكْفَرَ ʔukfara |
تُكْفَرَ tukfara |
يُكْفَرَ yukfara |
تُكْفَرَا tukfarā |
يُكْفَرَا yukfarā |
نُكْفَرَ nukfara |
تُكْفَرُوا tukfarū |
يُكْفَرُوا yukfarū | |||
f | تُكْفَرِي tukfarī |
تُكْفَرَ tukfara |
تُكْفَرَا tukfarā |
تُكْفَرْنَ tukfarna |
يُكْفَرْنَ yukfarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُكْفَرْ ʔukfar |
تُكْفَرْ tukfar |
يُكْفَرْ yukfar |
تُكْفَرَا tukfarā |
يُكْفَرَا yukfarā |
نُكْفَرْ nukfar |
تُكْفَرُوا tukfarū |
يُكْفَرُوا yukfarū | |||
f | تُكْفَرِي tukfarī |
تُكْفَرْ tukfar |
تُكْفَرَا tukfarā |
تُكْفَرْنَ tukfarna |
يُكْفَرْنَ yukfarna |
Noun
[edit]كُفْر • (kufr) m
- verbal noun of كَفَرَ (kafara) (form I)
Declension
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Azerbaijani: küfr
- → English: kufr
- → Indonesian: kufur
- → Northern Kurdish: kufir, kifir, kifr, kufr
- → Ottoman Turkish: كفر (küfr)
- → Swahili: kufuru
Noun
[edit]كَفْر • (kafr) m
Declension
[edit]Verb
[edit]كَفَّرَ • (kaffara) II (non-past يُكَفِّرُ (yukaffiru), verbal noun تَكْفِير (takfīr))
- (religion) to expiate, do penance, atone
- كفّر عن ذنوبه ― He atoned for his sins.
- to forgive, grant pardon
- (religion) to accuse of infidelity, charge with unbelief
- (religion) to make an infidel, seduce to unbelief
- (dated) to cover, hide
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَكْفِير takfīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُكَفِّر mukaffir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُكَفَّر mukaffar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | كَفَّرْتُ kaffartu |
كَفَّرْتَ kaffarta |
كَفَّرَ kaffara |
كَفَّرْتُمَا kaffartumā |
كَفَّرَا kaffarā |
كَفَّرْنَا kaffarnā |
كَفَّرْتُمْ kaffartum |
كَفَّرُوا kaffarū | |||
f | كَفَّرْتِ kaffarti |
كَفَّرَتْ kaffarat |
كَفَّرَتَا kaffaratā |
كَفَّرْتُنَّ kaffartunna |
كَفَّرْنَ kaffarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُكَفِّرُ ʔukaffiru |
تُكَفِّرُ tukaffiru |
يُكَفِّرُ yukaffiru |
تُكَفِّرَانِ tukaffirāni |
يُكَفِّرَانِ yukaffirāni |
نُكَفِّرُ nukaffiru |
تُكَفِّرُونَ tukaffirūna |
يُكَفِّرُونَ yukaffirūna | |||
f | تُكَفِّرِينَ tukaffirīna |
تُكَفِّرُ tukaffiru |
تُكَفِّرَانِ tukaffirāni |
تُكَفِّرْنَ tukaffirna |
يُكَفِّرْنَ yukaffirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُكَفِّرَ ʔukaffira |
تُكَفِّرَ tukaffira |
يُكَفِّرَ yukaffira |
تُكَفِّرَا tukaffirā |
يُكَفِّرَا yukaffirā |
نُكَفِّرَ nukaffira |
تُكَفِّرُوا tukaffirū |
يُكَفِّرُوا yukaffirū | |||
f | تُكَفِّرِي tukaffirī |
تُكَفِّرَ tukaffira |
تُكَفِّرَا tukaffirā |
تُكَفِّرْنَ tukaffirna |
يُكَفِّرْنَ yukaffirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُكَفِّرْ ʔukaffir |
تُكَفِّرْ tukaffir |
يُكَفِّرْ yukaffir |
تُكَفِّرَا tukaffirā |
يُكَفِّرَا yukaffirā |
نُكَفِّرْ nukaffir |
تُكَفِّرُوا tukaffirū |
يُكَفِّرُوا yukaffirū | |||
f | تُكَفِّرِي tukaffirī |
تُكَفِّرْ tukaffir |
تُكَفِّرَا tukaffirā |
تُكَفِّرْنَ tukaffirna |
يُكَفِّرْنَ yukaffirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | كَفِّرْ kaffir |
كَفِّرَا kaffirā |
كَفِّرُوا kaffirū |
||||||||
f | كَفِّرِي kaffirī |
كَفِّرْنَ kaffirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | كُفِّرْتُ kuffirtu |
كُفِّرْتَ kuffirta |
كُفِّرَ kuffira |
كُفِّرْتُمَا kuffirtumā |
كُفِّرَا kuffirā |
كُفِّرْنَا kuffirnā |
كُفِّرْتُمْ kuffirtum |
كُفِّرُوا kuffirū | |||
f | كُفِّرْتِ kuffirti |
كُفِّرَتْ kuffirat |
كُفِّرَتَا kuffiratā |
كُفِّرْتُنَّ kuffirtunna |
كُفِّرْنَ kuffirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُكَفَّرُ ʔukaffaru |
تُكَفَّرُ tukaffaru |
يُكَفَّرُ yukaffaru |
تُكَفَّرَانِ tukaffarāni |
يُكَفَّرَانِ yukaffarāni |
نُكَفَّرُ nukaffaru |
تُكَفَّرُونَ tukaffarūna |
يُكَفَّرُونَ yukaffarūna | |||
f | تُكَفَّرِينَ tukaffarīna |
تُكَفَّرُ tukaffaru |
تُكَفَّرَانِ tukaffarāni |
تُكَفَّرْنَ tukaffarna |
يُكَفَّرْنَ yukaffarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُكَفَّرَ ʔukaffara |
تُكَفَّرَ tukaffara |
يُكَفَّرَ yukaffara |
تُكَفَّرَا tukaffarā |
يُكَفَّرَا yukaffarā |
نُكَفَّرَ nukaffara |
تُكَفَّرُوا tukaffarū |
يُكَفَّرُوا yukaffarū | |||
f | تُكَفَّرِي tukaffarī |
تُكَفَّرَ tukaffara |
تُكَفَّرَا tukaffarā |
تُكَفَّرْنَ tukaffarna |
يُكَفَّرْنَ yukaffarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُكَفَّرْ ʔukaffar |
تُكَفَّرْ tukaffar |
يُكَفَّرْ yukaffar |
تُكَفَّرَا tukaffarā |
يُكَفَّرَا yukaffarā |
نُكَفَّرْ nukaffar |
تُكَفَّرُوا tukaffarū |
يُكَفَّرُوا yukaffarū | |||
f | تُكَفَّرِي tukaffarī |
تُكَفَّرْ tukaffar |
تُكَفَّرَا tukaffarā |
تُكَفَّرْنَ tukaffarna |
يُكَفَّرْنَ yukaffarna |
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Aramaic כַּפְרָא / ܟܰܦܪܳܐ (kap̄rā, “village, open town, unfortified town”), from Akkadian 𒅗𒀊𒊒 (kaprum, “farm, village; a settlement outside of a city”), considered to represent a word particular to the non-Akkadian “Mari language”, that is to be formed either in the unknown East Semitic or the unknown Amorite language spoken there. Probably originally meaning an agricultural storage-room, doublet of غَفْر (ḡafr), related to the meaning of “covering” connecting the roots غ ف ر (ḡ-f-r), כ־פ־ר (k-p-r). Compare Hebrew כְּפָר (kp̄ār, “village”).
Noun
[edit]كَفْر • (kafr) m (plural كُفُور (kufūr))
- open, town, village, suburb
- 7th century CE, Al-ʾAdab al-Mufrad, 30:42:
- لَا تَسْكُنِ الْكُفُورَ، فَإِنَّ سَاكِنَ الْكُفُورِ كَسَاكِنِ الْقُبُورِ
- lā taskuni l-kufūra, faʔinna sākina l-kufūri kasākini l-qubūri
- Don’t dwell in the suburbs, for he who dwells in the suburbs is like a dweller of the graves.
Usage notes
[edit]Not retained anymore except in place-names.
Declension
[edit]Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | كَفْر kafr |
الْكَفْر al-kafr |
كَفْر kafr |
Nominative | كَفْرٌ kafrun |
الْكَفْرُ al-kafru |
كَفْرُ kafru |
Accusative | كَفْرًا kafran |
الْكَفْرَ al-kafra |
كَفْرَ kafra |
Genitive | كَفْرٍ kafrin |
الْكَفْرِ al-kafri |
كَفْرِ kafri |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | كَفْرَيْن kafrayn |
الْكَفْرَيْن al-kafrayn |
كَفْرَيْ kafray |
Nominative | كَفْرَانِ kafrāni |
الْكَفْرَانِ al-kafrāni |
كَفْرَا kafrā |
Accusative | كَفْرَيْنِ kafrayni |
الْكَفْرَيْنِ al-kafrayni |
كَفْرَيْ kafray |
Genitive | كَفْرَيْنِ kafrayni |
الْكَفْرَيْنِ al-kafrayni |
كَفْرَيْ kafray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | كُفُور kufūr |
الْكُفُور al-kufūr |
كُفُور kufūr |
Nominative | كُفُورٌ kufūrun |
الْكُفُورُ al-kufūru |
كُفُورُ kufūru |
Accusative | كُفُورًا kufūran |
الْكُفُورَ al-kufūra |
كُفُورَ kufūra |
Genitive | كُفُورٍ kufūrin |
الْكُفُورِ al-kufūri |
كُفُورِ kufūri |
Etymology 3
[edit]Borrowed from Aramaic כּוּפְרָא / ܟܘܦܪܐ (kūp̄rā, “pitch, tar; asphalt”), from Akkadian 𒇒𒌓𒀀 (kupru, “bitumen, pitch”), from Akkadian 𒅗𒉺𒊒 (kapāru, “to smear or daub on”). Doublet of غُفْرَان (ḡufrān). Compare Old Armenian կուպր (kupr), a Semitic borrowing.
Noun
[edit]كُفْر • (kufr) m
Declension
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Noun
[edit]كَفَر • (kavar, kafar) m (plural كفرات (kavarāt, kafarāt))
- (electronics) cover, case
References
[edit]- “kpr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “kpwr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “كفر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes[1] (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 476–477
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 150
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 281
- Freytag, Georg (1837) “كفر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[2] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 46–47
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “كفر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[3] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 913–914
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “كفر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[4], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2620–2621
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “كفر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[5], London: W.H. Allen, page 890
- Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “كفر”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache[6] (in German), volume 2, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, pages 585–586
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “كفر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 975
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “كفر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[7] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1110
Hijazi Arabic
[edit]Root |
---|
ك ف ر |
1 term |
Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]كفر • (kafar) I (non-past يِكْفُر (yikfur))
- to disbelieve
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of كفر (kafar) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | كفرت (kafart) | كفرت (kafart) | كفر (kafar) | كفرنا (kafarna) | كفرتوا (kafartu) | كفروا (kafaru) | |
f | كفرتي (kafarti) | كفرت (kafarat) | ||||||
non-past | m | أكفر (ʔakfur) | تكفر (tikfur) | يكفر (yikfur) | نكفر (nikfur) | تكفروا (tikfuru) | يكفروا (yikfuru) | |
f | تكفري (tikfuri) | تكفر (tikfur) | ||||||
imperative | m | اكفر (akfur) | اكفروا (akfuru) | |||||
f | اكفري (akfuri) |
Etymology 2
[edit]From Arabic كَفَّرَ (kaffara).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]كفر • (kaffar) II (non-past يِكَفِّر (yikaffir))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of كفر (kaffar) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | كفرت (kaffart) | كفرت (kaffart) | كفر (kaffar) | كفرنا (kaffarna) | كفرتوا (kaffartu) | كفروا (kaffaru) | |
f | كفرتي (kaffarti) | كفرت (kaffarat) | ||||||
non-past | m | أكفر (ʔakaffir) | تكفر (tikaffir) | يكفر (yikaffir) | نكفر (nikaffir) | تكفروا (tikaffiru) | يكفروا (yikaffiru) | |
f | تكفري (tikaffiri) | تكفر (tikaffir) | ||||||
imperative | m | كفر (kaffir) | كفروا (kaffiru) | |||||
f | كفري (kaffiri) |
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]كفر • (kufur) m
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]كفر • (kafar or kavar) m (plural كفرات (kafarāt, kavarāt))
- tire, tyre, vehicle’s wheel
- A device's case
- A cover, cover song, cover version (rerecording of a previously recorded song, typically by a different artist).
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic كُفْر (kufr, “disbelief; ingratitude”), verbal noun of كَفَرَ (kafara, “to disbelieve in”).
Noun
[edit]كفر • (küfr)
- disbelief, incredulity, the inability to believe that something is the case
- Synonym: اینانمزلق (inanmazlık)
- infidelity, faithlessness, unbelief, the rejection of religious belief
- (religion) atheism, irreligion, a lack of belief in deities or in God
- blasphemy, profanity, any act of irreverence or contempt toward a god
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “küfür2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2884
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “küfr”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat[8] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 636
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كفر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[9], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1031
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Infidelitas”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[10], Vienna, column 797
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كفر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[11], Vienna, columns 3981-3982
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “küfür”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كفر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[12], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1556
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ك ف ر
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