هر

See also: ہر and Appendix:Variations of "hr"

Arabic

Etymology

Compare هَدَرَ (hadara, “to roar”).

It has been suggested that, in the senses “purr” and “cat”, the word could be onomatopoeic, and/or that it could be related to various other Afro-Asiatic words, such as Classical Syriac ܗܪܪܬܐ (harrārtā, “cat”), Gafat [script needed] (urrä, “cat”), Somali (h)urri (“cat”), and possibly Akkadian 𒊓𒀀 (šurānum), the source of Arabic سِنَّوْر (sinnawr) (see references in that entry for more).^[1]

Pronunciation

(cat): IPA^(key): /hirr/

Noun

هِرّ • (hirr) m (plural هِرَرَة (hirara), feminine هِرَّة (hirra))

cat

Declension

Declension of noun **هِرّ** (hirr)
singular	masculine			feminine
	basic singular triptote			singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	indefinite	definite	construct	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	هِرّ hirr	الْهِرّ al-hirr	هِرّ hirr	هِرَّة hirra	الْهِرَّة al-hirra	هِرَّة hirrat
nominative	هِرٌّ hirrun	الْهِرُّ al-hirru	هِرُّ hirru	هِرَّةٌ hirratun	الْهِرَّةُ al-hirratu	هِرَّةُ hirratu
accusative	هِرًّا hirran	الْهِرَّ al-hirra	هِرَّ hirra	هِرَّةً hirratan	الْهِرَّةَ al-hirrata	هِرَّةَ hirrata
genitive	هِرٍّ hirrin	الْهِرِّ al-hirri	هِرِّ hirri	هِرَّةٍ hirratin	الْهِرَّةِ al-hirrati	هِرَّةِ hirrati
dual	masculine			feminine
dual	indefinite	definite	construct	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	هِرَّيْن hirrayn	الْهِرَّيْن al-hirrayn	هِرَّيْ hirray	هِرَّتَيْن hirratayn	الْهِرَّتَيْن al-hirratayn	هِرَّتَيْ hirratay
nominative	هِرَّانِ hirrāni	الْهِرَّانِ al-hirrāni	هِرَّا hirrā	هِرَّتَانِ hirratāni	الْهِرَّتَانِ al-hirratāni	هِرَّتَا hirratā
accusative	هِرَّيْنِ hirrayni	الْهِرَّيْنِ al-hirrayni	هِرَّيْ hirray	هِرَّتَيْنِ hirratayni	الْهِرَّتَيْنِ al-hirratayni	هِرَّتَيْ hirratay
genitive	هِرَّيْنِ hirrayni	الْهِرَّيْنِ al-hirrayni	هِرَّيْ hirray	هِرَّتَيْنِ hirratayni	الْهِرَّتَيْنِ al-hirratayni	هِرَّتَيْ hirratay
plural	masculine			feminine
	broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)			basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	هِرَرَة hirara	الْهِرَرَة al-hirara	هِرَرَة hirarat	هِرَر hirar	الْهِرَر al-hirar	هِرَر hirar
nominative	هِرَرَةٌ hiraratun	الْهِرَرَةُ al-hiraratu	هِرَرَةُ hiraratu	هِرَرٌ hirarun	الْهِرَرُ al-hiraru	هِرَرُ hiraru
accusative	هِرَرَةً hiraratan	الْهِرَرَةَ al-hirarata	هِرَرَةَ hirarata	هِرَرًا hiraran	الْهِرَرَ al-hirara	هِرَرَ hirara
genitive	هِرَرَةٍ hiraratin	الْهِرَرَةِ al-hirarati	هِرَرَةِ hirarati	هِرَرٍ hirarin	الْهِرَرِ al-hirari	هِرَرِ hirari

Verb

هَرَّ • (harra) I (non-past يَهِرُّ (yahirru), verbal noun هَرِير (harīr) or هَرّ (harr))

(ambitransitive) to purr, to whirr, to bray, to grumble, to snarl, to howl
(transitive) to abhor, to detest, to loathe

Conjugation

Conjugation of **هَرَّ** (I, geminate, a ~ i, full passive (?), verbal nouns *هَرِير*, **هَرّ**)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					هَرِير, هَرّ harīr, harr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					هَارّ hārr
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَهْرُور mahrūr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	هَرَرْتُ harartu	هَرَرْتَ hararta	هَرَّ harra	هَرَرْتُمَا harartumā	هَرَّا harrā	هَرَرْنَا hararnā	هَرَرْتُمْ harartum	هَرُّوا harrū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	هَرَرْتُ harartu	هَرَرْتِ hararti	هَرَّتْ harrat	هَرَرْتُمَا harartumā	هَرَّتَا harratā	هَرَرْنَا hararnā	هَرَرْتُنَّ harartunna	هَرَرْنَ hararna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَهِرُّ ʔahirru	تَهِرُّ tahirru	يَهِرُّ yahirru	تَهِرَّانِ tahirrāni	يَهِرَّانِ yahirrāni	نَهِرُّ nahirru	تَهِرُّونَ tahirrūna	يَهِرُّونَ yahirrūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَهِرُّ ʔahirru	تَهِرِّينَ tahirrīna	تَهِرُّ tahirru	تَهِرَّانِ tahirrāni	تَهِرَّانِ tahirrāni	نَهِرُّ nahirru	تَهْرِرْنَ tahrirna	يَهْرِرْنَ yahrirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَهِرَّ ʔahirra	تَهِرَّ tahirra	يَهِرَّ yahirra	تَهِرَّا tahirrā	يَهِرَّا yahirrā	نَهِرَّ nahirra	تَهِرُّوا tahirrū	يَهِرُّوا yahirrū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَهِرَّ ʔahirra	تَهِرِّي tahirrī	تَهِرَّ tahirra	تَهِرَّا tahirrā	تَهِرَّا tahirrā	نَهِرَّ nahirra	تَهْرِرْنَ tahrirna	يَهْرِرْنَ yahrirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَهِرَّ, أَهِرِّ, أَهْرِرْ ʔahirra, ʔahirri, ʔahrir	تَهِرَّ, تَهِرِّ, تَهْرِرْ tahirra, tahirri, tahrir	يَهِرَّ, يَهِرِّ, يَهْرِرْ yahirra, yahirri, yahrir	تَهِرَّا tahirrā	يَهِرَّا yahirrā	نَهِرَّ, نَهِرِّ, نَهْرِرْ nahirra, nahirri, nahrir	تَهِرُّوا tahirrū	يَهِرُّوا yahirrū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَهِرَّ, أَهِرِّ, أَهْرِرْ ʔahirra, ʔahirri, ʔahrir	تَهِرِّي tahirrī	تَهِرَّ, تَهِرِّ, تَهْرِرْ tahirra, tahirri, tahrir	تَهِرَّا tahirrā	تَهِرَّا tahirrā	نَهِرَّ, نَهِرِّ, نَهْرِرْ nahirra, nahirri, nahrir	تَهْرِرْنَ tahrirna	يَهْرِرْنَ yahrirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		هِرَّ, هِرِّ, اِهْرِرْ hirra, hirri, ihrir		هِرَّا hirrā			هِرُّوا hirrū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		هِرِّي hirrī		هِرَّا hirrā			اِهْرِرْنَ ihrirna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	هُرِرْتُ hurirtu	هُرِرْتَ hurirta	هُرَّ hurra	هُرِرْتُمَا hurirtumā	هُرَّا hurrā	هُرِرْنَا hurirnā	هُرِرْتُمْ hurirtum	هُرُّوا hurrū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	هُرِرْتُ hurirtu	هُرِرْتِ hurirti	هُرَّتْ hurrat	هُرِرْتُمَا hurirtumā	هُرَّتَا hurratā	هُرِرْنَا hurirnā	هُرِرْتُنَّ hurirtunna	هُرِرْنَ hurirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُهَرُّ ʔuharru	تُهَرُّ tuharru	يُهَرُّ yuharru	تُهَرَّانِ tuharrāni	يُهَرَّانِ yuharrāni	نُهَرُّ nuharru	تُهَرُّونَ tuharrūna	يُهَرُّونَ yuharrūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُهَرُّ ʔuharru	تُهَرِّينَ tuharrīna	تُهَرُّ tuharru	تُهَرَّانِ tuharrāni	تُهَرَّانِ tuharrāni	نُهَرُّ nuharru	تُهْرَرْنَ tuhrarna	يُهْرَرْنَ yuhrarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُهَرَّ ʔuharra	تُهَرَّ tuharra	يُهَرَّ yuharra	تُهَرَّا tuharrā	يُهَرَّا yuharrā	نُهَرَّ nuharra	تُهَرُّوا tuharrū	يُهَرُّوا yuharrū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُهَرَّ ʔuharra	تُهَرِّي tuharrī	تُهَرَّ tuharra	تُهَرَّا tuharrā	تُهَرَّا tuharrā	نُهَرَّ nuharra	تُهْرَرْنَ tuhrarna	يُهْرَرْنَ yuhrarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُهَرَّ, أُهَرِّ, أُهْرَرْ ʔuharra, ʔuharri, ʔuhrar	تُهَرَّ, تُهَرِّ, تُهْرَرْ tuharra, tuharri, tuhrar	يُهَرَّ, يُهَرِّ, يُهْرَرْ yuharra, yuharri, yuhrar	تُهَرَّا tuharrā	يُهَرَّا yuharrā	نُهَرَّ, نُهَرِّ, نُهْرَرْ nuharra, nuharri, nuhrar	تُهَرُّوا tuharrū	يُهَرُّوا yuharrū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُهَرَّ, أُهَرِّ, أُهْرَرْ ʔuharra, ʔuharri, ʔuhrar	تُهَرِّي tuharrī	تُهَرَّ, تُهَرِّ, تُهْرَرْ tuharra, tuharri, tuhrar	تُهَرَّا tuharrā	تُهَرَّا tuharrā	نُهَرَّ, نُهَرِّ, نُهْرَرْ nuharra, nuharri, nuhrar	تُهْرَرْنَ tuhrarna	يُهْرَرْنَ yuhrarna

Verb

هُرَّ • (hurra) I (passive-only, first-person singular past هُرِرْتُ (hurirtu), non-past يُهَرُّ (yuharru), verbal noun هُرّ (hurr) or هُرَار (hurār)) (passive voice, obsolete)

to have violent diarrhoea

Conjugation

Conjugation of **هُرَّ** (I, geminate, passive-only, verbal nouns **هُرّ**, *هُرَار*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					هُرّ, هُرَار hurr, hurār
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَهْرُور mahrūr

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	هُرِرْتُ hurirtu	هُرِرْتَ hurirta	هُرَّ hurra	هُرِرْتُمَا hurirtumā	هُرَّا hurrā	هُرِرْنَا hurirnā	هُرِرْتُمْ hurirtum	هُرُّوا hurrū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	هُرِرْتُ hurirtu	هُرِرْتِ hurirti	هُرَّتْ hurrat	هُرِرْتُمَا hurirtumā	هُرَّتَا hurratā	هُرِرْنَا hurirnā	هُرِرْتُنَّ hurirtunna	هُرِرْنَ hurirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُهَرُّ ʔuharru	تُهَرُّ tuharru	يُهَرُّ yuharru	تُهَرَّانِ tuharrāni	يُهَرَّانِ yuharrāni	نُهَرُّ nuharru	تُهَرُّونَ tuharrūna	يُهَرُّونَ yuharrūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُهَرُّ ʔuharru	تُهَرِّينَ tuharrīna	تُهَرُّ tuharru	تُهَرَّانِ tuharrāni	تُهَرَّانِ tuharrāni	نُهَرُّ nuharru	تُهْرَرْنَ tuhrarna	يُهْرَرْنَ yuhrarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُهَرَّ ʔuharra	تُهَرَّ tuharra	يُهَرَّ yuharra	تُهَرَّا tuharrā	يُهَرَّا yuharrā	نُهَرَّ nuharra	تُهَرُّوا tuharrū	يُهَرُّوا yuharrū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُهَرَّ ʔuharra	تُهَرِّي tuharrī	تُهَرَّ tuharra	تُهَرَّا tuharrā	تُهَرَّا tuharrā	نُهَرَّ nuharra	تُهْرَرْنَ tuhrarna	يُهْرَرْنَ yuhrarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُهَرَّ, أُهَرِّ, أُهْرَرْ ʔuharra, ʔuharri, ʔuhrar	تُهَرَّ, تُهَرِّ, تُهْرَرْ tuharra, tuharri, tuhrar	يُهَرَّ, يُهَرِّ, يُهْرَرْ yuharra, yuharri, yuhrar	تُهَرَّا tuharrā	يُهَرَّا yuharrā	نُهَرَّ, نُهَرِّ, نُهْرَرْ nuharra, nuharri, nuhrar	تُهَرُّوا tuharrū	يُهَرُّوا yuharrū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُهَرَّ, أُهَرِّ, أُهْرَرْ ʔuharra, ʔuharri, ʔuhrar	تُهَرِّي tuharrī	تُهَرَّ, تُهَرِّ, تُهْرَرْ tuharra, tuharri, tuhrar	تُهَرَّا tuharrā	تُهَرَّا tuharrā	نُهَرَّ, نُهَرِّ, نُهْرَرْ nuharra, nuharri, nuhrar	تُهْرَرْنَ tuhrarna	يُهْرَرْنَ yuhrarna

Noun

هَرّ • (harr) m

verbal noun of هَرَّ (harra, “to snarl”) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun **هَرّ** (harr)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	هَرّ harr	الْهَرّ al-harr	هَرّ harr
nominative	هَرٌّ harrun	الْهَرُّ al-harru	هَرُّ harru
accusative	هَرًّا harran	الْهَرَّ al-harra	هَرَّ harra
genitive	هَرٍّ harrin	الْهَرِّ al-harri	هَرِّ harri

Noun

هُرّ • (hurr) m (obsolete)

great quantity of water or milk
verbal noun of هُرَّ (hurra, “to have violent diarrhoea”)

Declension

Declension of noun **هَرّ** (harr)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	هَرّ harr	الْهَرّ al-harr	هَرّ harr
nominative	هَرٌّ harrun	الْهَرُّ al-harru	هَرُّ harru
accusative	هَرًّا harran	الْهَرَّ al-harra	هَرَّ harra
genitive	هَرٍّ harrin	الْهَرِّ al-harri	هَرِّ harri

References

Behnstedt, Peter; Woidich, Manfred (2005), Arabische Dialektgeographie. Eine Einführung (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 78) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 200
Behnstedt, Peter; Woidich, Manfred (2010), Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band I: Mensch, Natur, Fauna und Flora (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 326–329
Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “هر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 752
Freytag, Georg (1837), “هر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 381
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “هر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 1408–1409
Lane, Edward William (1863-1893), “هر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2888–2889.
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “هر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[4], London: W.H. Allen, page 1171
Wahrmund, Adolf (1887), “هر”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache‎^[5] (in German), volume 2, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, pages 1107–1108
Wehr, Hans (1979), “هر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 1201
Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “هر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[6] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1346

^ Huehnergard, John (2008), “Qiṭṭa: Arabic Cats”, in Beatrice Gruendler, editor, Classical Arabic Humanities in Their Own Terms, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, pages 411–415

Khalaj

Noun

هر (definite accusative هرۆ, plural هرلر)

Arabic spelling of hər (“man”)

Declension

Declension of
	singular	plural
nominative	هر	هرلَر
genitive	هرۆݧ	هرلَریݧ
dative	هرکه	هرلَرکه
definite accusative	هرۆ	هرلَری
locative	هرچه	هرلَرچه
ablative	هرده	هرلَرده
instrumental	هرله	هرلَرله
equative	هرواره	هرلَرواره

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ه ر ر
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic هَرَّ (harra, “to make someone make a sound”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /harr/

Verb

هر • (harr) I (non-past يهر (yhurr))

to tickle

Conjugation

Conjugation of هر
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	هرّيت (harrīt)	هرّيتي (harrīti)	هرّ (harr)	هرّينا (harrīna)	هرّيتوا (harrītu)	هرّوا (harru)
past	f	هرّيت (harrīt)	هرّيتي (harrīti)	هرّت (harrāt)	هرّينا (harrīna)	هرّيتوا (harrītu)	هرّوا (harru)
non-past	m	نهرّ (nhurr)	تهرّ (thurr)	يهرّ (yhurr)	نهرّوا (nhurru)	تهرّوا (thurru)	يهرّوا (yhurru)
non-past	f	نهرّ (nhurr)	تهرّي (thurri)	تهرّ (thurr)	نهرّوا (nhurru)	تهرّوا (thurru)	يهرّوا (yhurru)
imperative	m		هرّ (hurr)			هرّوا (hurru)
imperative	f		هرّي (hurri)			هرّوا (hurru)

Pashto

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian (compare Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬬𐬀 (haurva, “whole, each”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sárwas (“whole, all, entire”) (compare Sanskrit सर्व (sarvá, “all”)), from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂wós, from *solh₂- (“whole”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [har]
IPA^(key): [ʔar]

Determiner

هر • (har)

every, each
Antonym: هيڅ (hiś)

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (KRA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hl /⁠har(w)⁠/), 𐫍𐫡𐫇 (hrw /⁠harw⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *hárwah (compare Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬬𐬀 (haurva, “whole, each”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sárwas (“whole, all, entire”) (compare Sanskrit सर्व (sarva, “whole”)), from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂-wó-s, from *solh₂- (“whole”) +‎ *-wós.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈhar/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [häɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔäɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔäɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [hæɹ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [häɾ]

Rhymes: -ar

Readings
Classical reading^?	har
Dari reading^?	har
Iranian reading^?	har
Tajik reading^?	har

Determiner


Iranian Persian	هر
Dari	هر
Tajik	ҳар

هر • (har)

each
every

Antonyms

هیچ (hič)

Derived terms

هر چیز (har ciz)
هرجا (harjâ)
هردم (hardam)
هرچه (harče)
هرکدام (harkodâm)
هرکس (harkas)
هرگاه (hargâh)
هرگونه (hargune)
هریک (haryek)

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: hər / هر
→ Bashkir: һәр (hər)
→ Gujarati: હર (har)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: हर (har)

Urdu: ہر (har)
→ Kazakh: әр (är)
→ Kyrgyz: ар (ar)
Lurish:
Northern Luri: هںر (hər)

Bakhtiari: هںر (hər)

Southern Luri: هںر (hər)
→ Ottoman Turkish: هر (her)
- Turkish: her
→ Southern Altai: ар (ar)
→ Tatar: här
→ Turkmen: her
→ Uzbek: har

References

^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), “*haru̯a- (> paragraph 3 > {hrw})”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 372

[Huehnergard-1] Huehnergard, John (2008), “Qiṭṭa: Arabic Cats”, in Beatrice Gruendler, editor, Classical Arabic Humanities in Their Own Terms, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, pages 411–415

[2] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), “*haru̯a- (> paragraph 3 > {hrw})”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 372

[1]

[1]