ویران

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian ویران (virân, “ruined; desolate”).

Adjective

ویران • (viran)

1. ruined, devasted, desolated

   Synonyms: خراب (harab), یباب (yebab), ییقق (yıkık)

2. (of a building) abandoned, deserted

Derived terms

• ویرانلق (viranlık, “ruin”)

Descendants

• Turkish: viran
• → Macedonian: фиран (firan)
• → Romanian: viran

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “viran”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5126
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “ویران”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[1], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1317
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Desertus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[2], Vienna, column 362
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “ویران”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1541
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “viran”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ویران”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2152

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwylʾn' /⁠awērān⁠/). Cognate with Parthian 𐭀𐭅𐭉𐭓𐭍 (ʾwyrn, “ruin, destruction”) and akin to Old Armenian աւեր (awer), աւերանք (awerankʻ), աւերակ (awerak), Iranian borrowings.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [weː.ˈɾɑːn], [waj.ˈɾɑːn], [wiː.ˈɾɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [wäj.ɾɑ́ːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [wäj.ɾɑ́ːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [wäj.ɾɑ́ːn], [bäj.ɾɑ́ːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [wäj.ɾɔ́ːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [viː.ɹɒːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [väj.ɾɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading?	wērān, wayrān, wīrān
Dari reading?	wayrān
Iranian reading?	virân
Tajik reading?	vayron

Adjective

Dari	ویران
Iranian Persian
Tajik	вайрон

ویران • (virân)

1. ruined
   • 1210–1292, Saadi Shirazi, Gulistan, chapter 6, story 1;[5] Persian proverb:

     خانه از پای بند ویران است
     خواجه در بند نقش ایوان است

     xâne az pây-band virân ast
     xâje dar band-e naqš-e ivân ast

     The house is ruined from the foundation
     Khajah is bounded by the design on the iwan

2. desolate
3. gloomy

Derived terms

• ویرانه (virâne)
• ویرانی (virâni)

 

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: viran
• → Middle Bengali: অইরান (oiran)
  • Bengali: বিরান (biran)
• → Gujarati: વીરાન (vīrān), વેરાન (verān)
• → Hindustani:
  • → Hindi: वीरान (vīrān)
  • → Urdu: ویران (vīrān)
• → Ottoman Turkish: ویران (viran)
  • Turkish: viran
  • → Romanian: viran
• → Punjabi: ویران (vīrān)

Further reading

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “աւեր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, pages 359–360
• Gignoux, Philippe (1972) Glossaire des Inscriptions Pehlevies et Parthes [Glossary of Pahlavi and Parthians Inscriptions] (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum. Supplementary Series; 1) (in French), London: Lund Humphries, page 48b
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, pages 112, 511
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 14

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ویران (wīrān).

Adjective

ویران • (vīrān) (Gurmukhi spelling ਵੀਰਾਨ)

1. ruined
2. desolate
3. gloomy

Related terms

• (ruin, devastation, gloom): ویرانی (vīrānī)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ویران (wīrān).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ʋiː.ɾɑːn/
• Rhymes: -ɑːn
• Hyphenation: وِی‧ران

Adjective

وِیران • (vīrān) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling वीरान)

1. deserted, desolate
2. (figurative) gloomy

Related terms

• (solitude): ویرانی (vīrānī)

References

• “ویران”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “ویران”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.