کثافت

See also: كثافة

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic كَثَافَة (kaṯāfa, “density”). The semantic shift from Arabic is explained by the fact that in some Arabic and Persian dialects dirt (soil) is used in the sense of bulk density, as the latter property denotes the magnitude of solids like mineral components such as soil/earth/dirt/gravel.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ki.saː.ˈfat/, /ka.saː.ˈfat/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰɪ.sɑː.fát̪], [kʰä.sɑː.fát̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰɪ.sɑː.fát̪], [kʰä.sɑː.fát̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰɪ.sɑː.fát̪], [kʰä.sɑː.fát̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰi.sɔː.fát̪], [kʰä.sɔː.fát̪]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʲe.sɒː.fǽt̪ʰ], [kʰʲæ.sɒː.fǽt̪ʰ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰä.sɔ.fát̪]

• Rhymes: -at

Readings
Classical reading?	kisāfát, kasāfát
Dari reading?	kisāfat, kasāfat
Iranian reading?	kesâfat, kasâfat
Tajik reading?	kasofat

Noun

Dari	چتلی
Iranian Persian	کثافت
Tajik	ифлоскунӣ, ифлоси, олудагӣ, чиркинӣ

کثافت • (kisāfat, kasāfat / kesâfat, kasâfat) (plural کثافات, Tajik spelling касофат)

1. filth
2. dirt
3. muck
4. pollution
5. (Dari) rubbish, trash, garbage, refuse, waste, litter

   خَرِیطَهٔ کِثَافَت (Dari) ― xarīta-yi kisāfat ― rubbish bag, bin bag, trash bag, garbage bag

Synonyms

• ریم (rim)
• کرس (kers)
• چرک (čerk)
• آلودگی (âludegi)
• چتلی (čatali) (Dari)

Descendants

• → Kazakh: кесапат (kesapat)

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “کثافت”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “کثافت”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press.