ܚܠܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

From Aramaic חָלָא (ḥālā); related to Arabic خَال (ḵāl).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xaːlaː]

Noun

ܚܵܠܵܐ • (ḥālā) m (plural ܚܵܠܹ̈ܐ (ḥālē) or ܚܵܠܲܘ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥālawwāṯā), feminine ܚܵܠܬܵܐ (ḥāltā))

1. maternal blood uncle (brother of one's mother)

   Coordinate terms: ܥܲܡܵܐ (ˁammā), ܥܲܡܬܵܐ (ˁamtā), ܚܵܠܬܵܐ (ḥāltā)

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܵܠܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܵܠ (ḥāl)		1st person	ܚܵܠܝܼ (ḥālī)		ܚܵܠܲܢ (ḥālan)
	construct	ܚܵܠ (ḥāl)		2nd person	ܚܵܠܘܼܟ݂ (ḥālōḵ)	ܚܵܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥālāḵ)	ܚܵܠܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥālawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܵܠܵܐ (ḥālā)		3rd person	ܚܵܠܹܗ (ḥālēh)	ܚܵܠܵܗ̇ (ḥālāh)	ܚܵܠܗܘܿܢ (ḥālhōn)
plural	absolute	ܚܵܠܝܼ̈ܢ (ḥālīn)		1st person	ܚܵܠܝܼ̈ (ḥālī)		ܚܵܠܲܢ̈ (ḥālan)
	construct	ܚܵܠܲܝ̈ (ḥālay)		2nd person	ܚܵܠܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ḥālōḵ)	ܚܵܠܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (ḥālāḵ)	ܚܵܠܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥālawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܵܠܹ̈ܐ (ḥālē)		3rd person	ܚܵܠܘܼ̈ܗܝ (ḥālūh)	ܚܵܠܘܼ̈ܗ̇ (ḥālōh)	ܚܵܠܲܝ̈ܗܘܿܢ (ḥālayhōn)

Derived terms

• ܒܲܟ݂ܬ ܚܵܠܵܐ (baḵt ḥālā, “aunt (mother's brother's wife)”)
• ܒܲܪ ܚܵܠܵܐ (bar ḥālā, “cousin (mother's brother's son)”)
• ܒܲܪ݇ܬ ܚܵܠܵܐ (bat ḥālā, “cousin (mother's brother's daughter)”)

Etymology 2

From Akkadian 𒂁𒄬 (/⁠ḫallu⁠/, “pot; earthen container to store liquids”); cognate with Arabic خَلّ (ḵall).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ħallaː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ xaːla]

Noun

ܚܲܠܵܐ • (ḥallā) m (uncountable)

1. vinegar

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܲܠܵܐ

number	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
{{{number}}}	absolute	{{{abs.}}}		1st person	ܚܲܠܝܼ (ḥalī)		ܚܲܠܲܢ (ḥallan)
	construct	{{{cstr.}}}		2nd person	ܚܲܠܘܼܟ݂ (ḥalōḵ)	ܚܲܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥallāḵ)	ܚܲܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥallāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܠܵܐ (ḥallā)		3rd person	ܚܲܠܹܗ (ḥallēh)	ܚܲܠܘܿܗ̇ (ḥallōh)	ܚܲܠܗܘܿܢ (ḥalhōn)

Etymology 3

Compare Hebrew חוֹל (ḥol) and Arabic حُلَّة (ḥulla).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xil.lɑː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ħil.lɑː]

Noun

ܚܸܠܵܐ • (ḥillā) m (plural ܚܸܠܹ̈ܐ (ḥillē))

1. powder
2. (pathology) cataract

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܸܠܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܸܠ (ḥil)		1st person	ܚܸܠܝܼ (ḥilī)		ܚܸܠܲܢ (ḥillan)
	construct	ܚܸܠ (ḥil)		2nd person	ܚܸܠܘܼܟ݂ (ḥilōḵ)	ܚܸܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥillāḵ)	ܚܸܠܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥillawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܸܠܵܐ (ḥillā)		3rd person	ܚܸܠܹܗ (ḥillēh)	ܚܸܠܵܗ̇ (ḥillāh)	ܚܸܠܗܘܿܢ (ḥilhōn)
plural	absolute	ܚܸܠܝܼ̈ܢ (ḥilīn)		1st person	ܚܸܠܝܼ̈ (ḥilī)		ܚܸܠܲܢ̈ (ḥillan)
	construct	ܚܸܠܲܝ̈ (ḥillay)		2nd person	ܚܸܠܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ḥilōḵ)	ܚܸܠܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (ḥillāḵ)	ܚܸܠܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥillawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܸܠܹ̈ܐ (ḥillē)		3rd person	ܚܸܠܘܼ̈ܗܝ (ḥilūh)	ܚܸܠܘܼ̈ܗ̇ (ḥillōh)	ܚܸܠܲܝ̈ܗܘܿܢ (ḥillayhōn)

Etymology 4

Root
ܚ ܠ ܐ (ḥ l ˀ)
6 terms

Compare Arabic حَلَّ (ḥalla).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xaːleː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ħaːleː]

Verb

ܚܵܠܹܐ • (ḥālē)

1. (intransitive) to sweeten
2. to make pleasant

Conjugation

Conjugation of ܚܵܠܹܐ

gerund	ܒܸܚܠܵܝܵܐ (biḥlāyā)
verbal noun	ܚܠܵܝܵܐ (ḥlāyā)
		singular				plural
passive participle	m	ܚܸܠܝܵܐ (ḥilyā)				ܚܸܠܝܹ̈ܐ (ḥilyē)
	f	ܚܠܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥlīṯā)
agent noun	m	ܚܵܠܘܿܝܵܐ (ḥālōyā)				ܚܵܠܘܿܝܹ̈ܐ (ḥālōyē)
	f	ܚܵܠܘܿܝܬܵܐ (ḥālōytā)				ܚܵܠ̈ܘܿܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥālōyāṯā)
instance noun		ܚܠܵܝܬܵܐ (ḥlāytā)				ܚ̈ܠܵܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥlāyāṯā)
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܝܼ (ḥlē lī)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (ḥlē lōḵ)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܹܗ (ḥlē lēh)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܲܢ (ḥlē lan)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥlē lawḵōn)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ (ḥlē lhōn)
	f		ܚܠܹܐ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥlē lāḵ)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ (ḥlē lāh)
active non-past	m	ܚܵܠܹܝܢ (ḥālēn)	ܚܵܠܹܝܬ (ḥālēt)	ܚܵܠܹܐ (ḥālē)	ܚܵܠܹܝܚ (ḥālēḥ)	ܚܵܠܲܝܬܘܿܢ (ḥālaytōn)	ܚܵܠܝܼ (ḥālī)
	f	ܚܵܠܝܲܢ (ḥālyan)	ܚܵܠܝܲܬܝ (ḥālyat)	ܚܵܠܝܵܐ (ḥālyā)
passive past	m	ܚܠܹܝܢ (ḥlēn)	ܚܠܹܝܬ (ḥlēt)	ܚܠܹܐ (ḥlē)	ܚܠܹܝܚ (ḥlēḥ)	ܚܠܲܝܬܘܿܢ (ḥlaytōn)	ܚܠܲܝ (ḥlay)
	f	ܚܸܠܝܲܢ (ḥilyan)	ܚܸܠܝܲܬܝ (ḥilyat)	ܚܸܠܝܵܐ (ḥilyā)
imperative	m		ܚܠܝܼ (ḥlī)			ܚܠܲܘ (ḥlaw)
	f		ܚܠܲܝ (ḥlay)

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Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From Aramaic, from Akkadian 𒂁𒄬 (/⁠ḫallu⁠/), from Sumerian 𒂁𒄬 (/⁠ḫal⁠/, “pot; earthen container to store liquids”); cognate with Arabic خَلّ (ḵall).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħallɑ]

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (ḥallā) m(uncountable)

1. vinegar

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܠܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܠ		1st person	ܚܠܝ		ܚܠܢ
	construct	ܚܠ		2nd person	ܚܠܟ	ܚܠܟܝ	ܚܠܟܘܢ	ܚܠܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܠܐ		3rd person	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗܘܢ	ܚܠܗܝܢ

Etymology 2

Compare Hebrew חוֹל (ḥôl).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɑlɑ]

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (ḥālā) m(uncountable)

1. sand, gravel

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܠܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܠ		1st person	ܚܠܝ		ܚܠܢ
	construct	ܚܠ		2nd person	ܚܠܟ	ܚܠܟܝ	ܚܠܟܘܢ	ܚܠܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܠܐ		3rd person	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗܘܢ	ܚܠܗܝܢ

Etymology 3

Compare Arabic خَال (ḵāl).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɑlɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħɑle] (plural)

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (ḥālā) m (plural ܚܠܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܚܠܬܐ)

1. maternal uncle

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܠܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܠ		1st person	ܚܠܝ		ܚܠܢ
	construct	ܚܠ		2nd person	ܚܠܟ	ܚܠܟܝ	ܚܠܟܘܢ	ܚܠܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܠܐ		3rd person	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗܘܢ	ܚܠܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܚܠܝܢ		1st person	ܚܠܝ		ܚܠܝܢ
	construct	ܚܠܝ		2nd person	ܚܠܝܟ	ܚܠܝܟܝ	ܚܠܝܟܘܢ	ܚܠܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܠܐ		3rd person	ܚܠܘܗܝ	ܚܠܝܗ	ܚܠܝܗܘܢ	ܚܠܝܗܝܢ

See also

• ܕܕܐ

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɛllɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħɛlle] (plural)

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܠܐ)

1. dust, powder

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܠܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܠ		1st person	ܚܠܝ		ܚܠܢ
	construct	ܚܠ		2nd person	ܚܠܟ	ܚܠܟܝ	ܚܠܟܘܢ	ܚܠܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܠܐ		3rd person	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗܘܢ	ܚܠܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܚܠܝܢ		1st person	ܚܠܝ		ܚܠܝܢ
	construct	ܚܠܝ		2nd person	ܚܠܝܟ	ܚܠܝܟܝ	ܚܠܝܟܘܢ	ܚܠܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܠܐ		3rd person	ܚܠܘܗܝ	ܚܠܝܗ	ܚܠܝܗܘܢ	ܚܠܝܗܝܢ

Synonyms

• ܐܒܩܐ

Etymology 5

Compare Arabic حُلَّة (ḥulla).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɛllɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħɛlle] (plural)

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܠܐ)

1. cloth, covering, veil
2. (pathology) cataract

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܠܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܠ		1st person	ܚܠܝ		ܚܠܢ
	construct	ܚܠ		2nd person	ܚܠܟ	ܚܠܟܝ	ܚܠܟܘܢ	ܚܠܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܠܐ		3rd person	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗܘܢ	ܚܠܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܚܠܝܢ		1st person	ܚܠܝ		ܚܠܝܢ
	construct	ܚܠܝ		2nd person	ܚܠܝܟ	ܚܠܝܟܝ	ܚܠܝܟܘܢ	ܚܠܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܠܐ		3rd person	ܚܠܘܗܝ	ܚܠܝܗ	ܚܠܝܗܘܢ	ܚܠܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɛlle]

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (transliteration needed)

1. emphatic plural of ܚܠܬܐ

References

• “ḥl”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002), Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 99b, 104b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 142a–b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009), A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 451a–b

Turoyo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

ܚܳܠܐ • (ḥolo) m

1. maternal uncle