अर्थ

See also: अर्थ्

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-

Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-tHo-m

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hártʰam

Sanskrit अर्थ॑ (ártha)lbor.

Hindi अर्थ

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अर्थ॑ (ártha), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hártʰam (“matter, object, purpose”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-tHo-m, from *h₁er-.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /əɾt̪ʰ/, [ɐɾt̪ʰ]
• Hyphenation: अर्थ
• Rhymes: -əɾt̪ʰ

Noun

अर्थ • (arth) m (Urdu spelling اَرتھ)

1. meaning, purport

   Synonym: मतलब (matlab)

   इस शब्द के कई अर्थ हैं।

   is śabd ke kaī arth ha͠i.

   This word has several meanings.

2. sense

   अब जाने का कोई अर्थ नहीं है।

   ab jāne kā koī arth nahī̃ hai.

   There is no sense in going now.

3. (in compounds) wealth, prosperity

   चोरी करने का अर्थदंड बहुत ऊँचा है।

   corī karne kā arthadaṇḍ bahut ū̃cā hai.

   The fine (lit. money-penalty) for stealing is very high.

Declension

Declension of अर्थ (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	अर्थ arth	अर्थ arth
oblique	अर्थ arth	अर्थों arthõ
vocative	अर्थ arth	अर्थो artho

Derived terms

• अर्थकर (arthakar)
• अर्थगत (arthagat)
• अर्थगर्भित (arthagarbhit)
• अर्थदंड (arthadaṇḍ)
• अर्थनीति (arthanīti)
• अर्थनैतिक (arthanaitik)
• अर्थपूर्ण (arthapūrṇ)
• अर्थप्रक्रिया (arthaprakriyā)
• अर्थभेद (arthabhed)
• अर्थविचार (arthavicār)
• अर्थविज्ञान (arthavijñān)
• अर्थविधि (arthavidhi)
• अर्थविवाद (arthavivād)
• अर्थव्यवस्था (arthavyavasthā)
• अर्थशास्त्र (arthaśāstra)
• अर्थहीन (arthahīn)
• अर्थागम (arthāgam)
• अर्थाधिकारिणी (arthādhikāriṇī)
• अर्थाधिकारी (arthādhikārī)
• अर्थानुबन्ध (arthānubandh)
• अर्थार्जन (arthārjan)
• अर्थोपार्जन (arthopārjan)
• आर्थिक (ārthik)

Further reading

• Platts, John T. (1884), “अर्थ”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Konkani

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अर्थ (artha).

Noun

अर्थ • (artha) (Latin script ?, Kannada script ?)

1. meaning, sense

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi अर्थ (artha), from Sanskrit अर्थ (artha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /əɾ.t̪ʰə/
• Hyphenation: अर्‧थ, अर्थ
• Rhymes: -ə

Noun

अर्थ • (artha) m

1. meaning, significance

   Antonym: अनर्थ (anartha)

   या शब्दाचा अर्थ काय?

   yā śabdācā artha kāy?

   What is the meaning of this word?

2. intention, aim

   Synonym: हेतू (hetū)

3. substance, money, wealth, property

   Synonyms: पैसा (paisā), वित्त (vitta)

Declension

Declension of अर्थ (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	अर्थ artha
direct plural	अर्थ artha
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	अर्थ artha		अर्थ artha
oblique सामान्यरूप	अर्था arthā		अर्थां- arthān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	अर्थाला arthālā		अर्थांना arthānnā
ergative	अर्थाने, अर्थानं arthāne, arthāna		अर्थांनी arthānnī
instrumental	अर्थाशी arthāśī		अर्थांशी arthānśī
locative सप्तमी	अर्थात arthāt		अर्थांत arthāt
vocative संबोधन	अर्था arthā		अर्थांनो arthānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of अर्थ (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	अर्थाचा arthāċā	अर्थाचे arthāċe	अर्थाची arthācī	अर्थाच्या arthācā	अर्थाचे, अर्थाचं arthāċe, arthāċa	अर्थाची arthācī	अर्थाच्या arthācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	अर्थांचा arthānċā	अर्थांचे arthānċe	अर्थांची arthāñcī	अर्थांच्या arthāncā	अर्थांचे, अर्थांचं arthānċe, arthānċa	अर्थांची arthāñcī	अर्थांच्या arthāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• अर्थपूर्ण (arthapūrṇa, “meaningful”)
• अर्थमंत्रालय (arthamantrālay, “ministry of finance”)
• अर्थमंत्री (arthamantrī, “finance minister”)
• अर्थार्जन (arthārjan)
• निरर्थक (nirarthak, “meaningless”)

Further reading

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “अर्थ”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “अर्थ”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911), “अर्थ”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
• Shankar Gopal Tulpule; Anne Feldhaus (1999), “अर्थ”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

Nepali

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अर्थ (artha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʌrt̪ʰʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: अर्थ

Noun

अर्थ • (artha)

1. meaning, purport
2. wealth, prosperity
3. sense

Further reading

• “अर्थ”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎^[2], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• অৰ্থ (Assamese script)
• ᬅᬃᬣ (Balinese script)
• অর্থ (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰨𑰿𑰞 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀭𑁆𑀣 (Brahmi script)
• အရ်္ထ (Burmese script)
• અર્થ (Gujarati script)
• ਅਰ੍ਥ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌅𑌰𑍍𑌥 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦂꦡ (Javanese script)
• 𑂃𑂩𑂹𑂟 (Kaithi script)
• ಅರ್ಥ (Kannada script)
• អថ៌ (Khmer script)
• ອຣ຺ຖ (Lao script)
• അര്ഥ (Malayalam script)
• ᠠᡵᡨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘀𑘨𑘿𑘞 (Modi script)
• ᠠᠷᠲᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦠𑧈𑧠𑦾 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐬𑑂𑐠 (Newa script)
• ଅର୍ଥ (Odia script)
• ꢂꢬ꣄ꢢ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆫𑇀𑆡 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖨𑖿𑖞 (Siddham script)
• අර්‍ථ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩼 𑪙𑩬 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚀𑚤𑚶𑚚 (Takri script)
• அர்த² (Tamil script)
• అర్థ (Telugu script)
• อรฺถ (Thai script)
• ཨ་རྠ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒩𑓂𑒟 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨫𑩇𑨚 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-

Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-tHo-m

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hártʰam

Sanskrit अर्थ

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hártʰam (“matter, object, purpose”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-tHo-m, from *h₁er-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬀 (ar^əθa).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́ɾ.tʰɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɐɾ.t̪ʰɐ/

Noun

अर्थ॑ • (ártha) stem, m or n

1. aim; purpose; meaning
2. advantage; use; utility
3. profit
4. prosperity
5. interest
6. thing; object
7. money; wealth; property; opulence; substance
8. affair; concern
9. (law) lawsuit; action
10. sense; notion
11. manner; kind
12. price

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of अर्थ॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	अर्थः॑ (árthaḥ)	अर्थौ॑ (árthau) अर्था॑¹ (árthā¹)	अर्थाः॑ (árthāḥ) अर्था॑सः¹ (árthāsaḥ¹)
accusative	अर्थ॑म् (ártham)	अर्थौ॑ (árthau) अर्था॑¹ (árthā¹)	अर्था॑न् (árthān)
instrumental	अर्थे॑न (árthena)	अर्था॑भ्याम् (árthābhyām)	अर्थैः॑ (árthaiḥ) अर्थे॑भिः¹ (árthebhiḥ¹)
dative	अर्था॑य (árthāya)	अर्था॑भ्याम् (árthābhyām)	अर्थे॑भ्यः (árthebhyaḥ)
ablative	अर्था॑त् (árthāt)	अर्था॑भ्याम् (árthābhyām)	अर्थे॑भ्यः (árthebhyaḥ)
genitive	अर्थ॑स्य (árthasya)	अर्थ॑योः (árthayoḥ)	अर्था॑नाम् (árthānām)
locative	अर्थे॑ (árthe)	अर्थ॑योः (árthayoḥ)	अर्थे॑षु (ártheṣu)
vocative	अर्थ॑ (ártha)	अर्थौ॑ (árthau) अर्था॑¹ (árthā¹)	अर्थाः॑ (árthāḥ) अर्था॑सः¹ (árthāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of अर्थ॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	अर्थ॑म् (ártham)	अर्थे॑ (árthe)	अर्था॑नि (árthāni) अर्था॑¹ (árthā¹)
accusative	अर्थ॑म् (ártham)	अर्थे॑ (árthe)	अर्था॑नि (árthāni) अर्था॑¹ (árthā¹)
instrumental	अर्थे॑न (árthena)	अर्था॑भ्याम् (árthābhyām)	अर्थैः॑ (árthaiḥ) अर्थे॑भिः¹ (árthebhiḥ¹)
dative	अर्था॑य (árthāya)	अर्था॑भ्याम् (árthābhyām)	अर्थे॑भ्यः (árthebhyaḥ)
ablative	अर्था॑त् (árthāt)	अर्था॑भ्याम् (árthābhyām)	अर्थे॑भ्यः (árthebhyaḥ)
genitive	अर्थ॑स्य (árthasya)	अर्थ॑योः (árthayoḥ)	अर्था॑नाम् (árthānām)
locative	अर्थे॑ (árthe)	अर्थ॑योः (árthayoḥ)	अर्थे॑षु (ártheṣu)
vocative	अर्थ॑ (ártha)	अर्थे॑ (árthe)	अर्था॑नि (árthāni) अर्था॑¹ (árthā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• अकृतार्थ (akṛtārtha)

Descendants

• Pali: attha
  • → Khmer: អត្ថ (ʼat)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞 (aṭṭha), 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣 (attha)
  • Gujarati: આથ (ātha)
• → Assamese: অৰ্থ (ortho) (learned)
• → Bengali: অর্থ (ôrthô) (learned)
• → Gujarati: અર્થ (arth) (learned)
• → Hindustani: arth (learned)

  Hindi: अर्थ

  Urdu: اَرتھ

• → Malay: harta, arta
  • > Indonesian: harta (inherited)
  • → Iban: reta
• → Kannada: ಅರ್ಥ (artha) (learned)
• → Malayalam: അർത്ഥം (aṟtthaṁ) (learned)
• → Marathi: [script needed] (artha) (learned)

  Devanagari script: अर्थ

  Modi script: 𑘀𑘨𑘿𑘞

• → Nepali: अर्थ (artha) (learned)
• → Old Javanese: artha, arthi
  • > Javanese: ꦄꦂꦛ (inherited) → ꦲꦂꦠ (arta)
    • → Indonesian: arta
  • → Balinese: ᬅᬃᬣ (arta)
  • > Javanese: ꦲꦂꦠꦶ (arti) (inherited)
    • → Indonesian: arti
  • Javanese: ꦲꦼꦂꦠꦶ (erti), ꦉꦠꦶ (reti)
  • >? Malay: erti, reti (informal)
    • > Indonesian: erti (inherited)
• → Punjabi: (learned)

  Gurmukhi script: ਅਰਥ (arath)

  Shahmukhi script: اَرتھ (arth)

• → Tamil: அர்த்தம் (arttam) (learned)
• ⇒ Telugu: అర్థము (arthamu)
• → Tocharian B: ārth

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “अर्थ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 90, column 2.
• “अ॑र्थ” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 41, column 2.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “अर्थ”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 027